Science: Astronomers (Kepler, Galileo, Brahe, Newton)

Tycho Brahe

A danish astronomer who built 2 observatories

using his homemade pointers he measured the movements of the stars and planets for 20 years

What did Tycho Brahe do?

orbital geometry

What did Tycho Brahe's orbital measurments for the planet mars beacome the foundation of?

the geocentric model

What model did Tycho Brahe believe in?

He never published them

What happened to Tycho Brahe's findings?

Johannes Kepler

he was hired by Tycho Brahe 1 year before his death as an assistent

Kepler inherited all of his notebooks that contained 20 years of orbital data and he was one of the first defenders of the copernicus heliocentric model

What happened after Brahe dided?

Law of ellipses

-planets do not orbit in perfect circular paths (like Copernicus suggested) they orbit in ellipses

Keplers 1st law

ellipse

a circle that has become flat

foci

a point on an ellipse

aphellion

farthest from the sun

perihelion

closest to the sun

winter

what season during perihelion

summer

what season during aphelion

perfect circle

eccentricty of 1

direct

What relationship between distance between foci and eccentricity of foci

concerns itself with the speed of a planet

Keplers 2nd Law

not constant

The orbital velocity of a planet is ......

increases, decreases

distance from the sun __________ and orbital velocity _________

he thought it possibly had to do with the magnetic influence from the sun

Why did kepler think the orbital velocity of a planet changes

describe the relationship between the distance of a planet form the sun and its orbital period

Keplers 3rd law

orbital period

the time it takes a planet to move one revolution around the sun

direct

What is the relationship between the distance from the sun and orbital period of a planet?

1)larger orbit

2)the orbital velocity decreases with distance

As the distance between the sun and a planet increases it takes longer for the planet to complete an orbit because:

Galileo Galilei

was convinced that the earth was not the center of the solar system and he made some important discoveries supporting Copernicus

4 satillites (moons) orbiting jupiter

What is the 1st thing Galileo discovered?

Europa

Ganymede

Callista

Io

what are the 4 moons orbiting jupiter

The planets have observable topography (not just points of light)

What is the 2nd thing Galileo discovered?

that our moon has topography (craters, mountains, plains) the geocentric model insisted that it was smooth line a glass sphere

What is the 3rd thing Galileo discovered?

there are regions of slightky lower tempature on the surface on the sun

what is the 4th thing Galileo discovered?

he is most famous for climbing to the top of the leaning tower of pisa and dropped 2 objects of diffrent masses at the same time and they both hit the ground at the same time

What is Galileo most famous for?

hersey due to his belief in heliocentrinism. he was put on house arrest for his last years

What was galileo found guilty of?

Issac Newton

born in the year of galileo's death. at the age of 27 he constitutionalised the force of gravity . in 1684 he wrote principia and became instantly famous in England. he was the first britain knighted for scientific achievement

an object moves in the direction that it was pushed until some force acts on it

the force will either:

1)stop it or slow it down

2)deflect ir (change its path)

Describe Newton's First Law

acceleration, or the movement of an object is porduced when a force acts on a mass

Describe Newton's 2nd Law

direct

What is the relationship between the mass of the object and the force required to accelorate it?

lower

more force is required to accelorate an object with a _____________ mass

for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

whenever an object pushes against another object it gets pushed back in the opposite direction with to much force

Describe Newton's 3rd law