Introduction to X-ray History/Principles

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

Who discovered x-rays in 1895?

Vitascope

Thomas Alva Edison invented the fluoroscope _____, which allows us to see x-rays move

Pedoscope

A _____ is a shoe-fitting fluoroscope

William Coolidge

_____ invented the Coolidge tube in 1913

Hot

Today's x-ray tubes are _____

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

_____ allows us to see function and began in the 1950s

Matter

_____:

- Takes up space

- Has mass

- Different forms (solid, liquid, gas, plasma)

- Cannot be created or destroyed

- Smallest unique quality is the atom

Atoms

_____ are comprised of protons (+), electrons (-) and neutrons

Number of protons

Atoms are grouped into elements based on the _____

Neutral

Atoms are normally electrically _____

Bohr model

The _____ is based off a miniature solar system. Electrons reside in established orbits (energy levels) and revolve around a nucleus (protons and neutrons)

Nucleus

The _____ consists of protons and neutrons and has a mass about 2000x greater than an electron

Electron cloud

An _____ revolves around the nucleus in precise, fixed orbits

Electron orbits

_____ are also referred to as "energy levels" or "shells"

2n^2

The maximum number of electrons per shell can be calculated using the equation _____, where n equals the shell number

Electron binding energies

_____ refers to the strength of attachment of an electron to the nucleus

Energy

The movement of electrons from a higher shell (L, M, etc.) to a lower one (K) is typically accompanied by the emission of _____

Ionization

_____ occurs when the transfer of energy to an orbital electron results in ejection of the electron from the atom

True

T/F Work cannot be created or destroyed

Quantum

What is the smallest quantity of work?