TExES Core Subjects EC-6 (291) - Fine Arts, Health, & Physical Education

What are the four main strands in the Texas state curriculum for fine arts and visual arts?

Perception, Creative Expression, Historical/cultural Heritage, and Critical Evaluation

Seven Basic Concepts of Visual Art

Line, Space, Shape, Form, Texture, Value & Color

Concepts of Line

Outline, Contour, Gesture, Sketch, Calligraphy, Implied

Characteristics of Line

Width, length, direction, focus, feeling

Space

the emptiness around or within objects

Concepts of Space

Positive space, Negative space, Picture Plane, Composition, Focal Point, Depth (used perspectives)

Perspective Types

Nonlinear + Linear

(used to create depth)

Shape

Formed when a line(s) cross to enclose a space, giving an object height + width but no depth

Concepts of Shape

Geometric vs Real; Positive vs Negative; Static vs Dynamic

Form (art)

3-D Shape (height, width + shape)

Concepts of Form

Real (actual shape) vs Implied (visual representation of 3D shape using line, space, shape, color + value)

Concepts of Texture

Real vs Implied (using line, space, color + value)

Value

the lightness or darkness of an artwork

Concepts of Value

Tint: adding white to make lighter

Shade: adding black to make darker

Value Scale: gradual changes light to dark

High-Key: all on light side

Low-Key: all on dark side

Contrast

Color

spectrum of light broken down by it hitting an object and reflecting onto the eye

Concepts of Color

Hue: range of colors

Intensity: strength of color

Value

Temperature: warmth or coolness

What are the primary and secondary colors?

Primary: red, yellow, blue

Secondary: green, orange, violet

Green: blue + yellow

Orange: red + yellow

Purple: red + blue

What are complementary colors?

Opposites on color wheel (red + green; blue + orange; yellow + purple)

What are analogous colors?

Colors that are next to each other on the color wheel

Achromatic

without color (gray, black, white)

Monochromatic

have tints (white) , tones (gray) + shades (black) of single hue

Proportion (art)

art principle relates directly to math skill of measurement

Style

an artist's manner of expression

Prehistoric period

characterized by paintings that represent the daily activities of a group of people

Tempo

the speed of the underlying pulse of music

What cultures produced art in the Ancient period?

Sumerians, Babylonians, Assyrians, Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans

Classical period

Occurred about 1000 years after the Ancient period; Greeks were fascinated by beauty

What did Roman culture focus on during the Classical period?

engineering and building; they built temples, roads, bathing complexes, civic buildings, palaces, and aqueducts; ex. the Pantheon

Medieval period

500-1400 CE

Romanesque architecture

round arches, vaulted ceilings, heavy walls that are ornately decorated, primarily with symbolic figures of Christianit

Gothic architecture

ribbed vaulting and pointed roofs; flying buttresses, pointed arches and vaults; included sculptures and stained-glass windows that for the worshippers were visual encyclopedias of Christian teachings and stories

Renaissance period

14th-16th century; developed new forms and revived classical styles and values; more references to classical iconography and the pleasures of an idyllic golden age; ex. include Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Titian, Correggio, Giorgione, and Bellini

Baroque style

17th century in Europe; used exaggerated motion and elaborate artwork; produced drama, tension, exuberance, and grandeur; ex. includeCarravagio and Rembrandt

Rococo art

early 18th century; turned the drama of the Baroque period into light, pastel toned, swirling compositions that seem placed in an idyllic land of a golden age; ex. include Elisabeth Vigee-Lebrun, Francisco Goya, Jean-Antoine Watteau

Jackson Pollack

"Action Painting" dripped and poured paint over large surfaces

Eduard Vuillard

Pointillism

Pointillism

small, distinct dots of color are applied in patterns to form an image

Artists: Eduard Vuillard + George Seurat + Paul Signac

Ukiyo Art

wood block prints centered around everyday people of Japan (not imaginary)

- pop themes: beautiful women, kabuki actors, sumo wrestlers, folk tales

- 17-19th c.

What three elements characterized 19th century art?

Romanticism, realism, and impressionism

Realism

rejected traditional means of composing a picture, academic methods of figure modeling and color relations, and exact rendering of people and objects; focused on quickly observed and sketched moments of life, the relation of shapes and forms and colors, the effects of light, and the act of painting itself

Impressionism

using light and color to capture the impression of images as opposed to the "real image"; ex. Edouard Manet, Claude Monet, Camille Pissaro, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Alfred Sisley, and Edgar Degas

Surrealism

artists made the subconscious and the metaphysical important in their work; inspired by psychoanalytic writings of Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung; ex. Salvador Dali, Rene Magritte, Frida Kahlo

Cubism

Characterized by geometric shapes

Artists: Pablo Picasso + Georges Braque

challenged common realistic conventions to create new representations of reality or imagination; objects are analyzed, broken up and reassembled in an abstracted form—instead of depicting objects from a single viewpoint, the artist depicts the subject from a multitude of viewpoints to represent the subject in a greater context

Muralists

between WW1 and WW2; created art that was physically interesting and with subjects accessible to the average person; ex. John French Sloan, George Bellows, and Diego Rivera

Photorealism

paintings resembling lifelike photos; often portraits, still lifes, or landscapes

Rhythm

the varied lengths of sounds and silences in relation to the underlying beat; patterned recurrence of a beat

(duration + tempo)

Beat

- the pulse that is felt in the music

- element of time in music (rhythmic pulse)

Quarter note

Quarter rest

Two eighth notes

Eighth note

Eighth rest

Half note

Half rest

Whole note

Whole rest

Meter

how musicians group the steady beats; grouped in 2s = duple meter; grouped in 3s = triple meter (waltz)

What are the letters of the musical alphabet?

A, B, C, D, E, F, and G

Clef signs

determine the pitch level, either higher or lower

What are mnemonics for remembering the lines and spaces of the treble clef?

Lines: Every Good Boy Does Fine (E, G, B, D, F)

Spaces: FACE

What are mnemonics for remembering the lines and spaces of the bass clef?

Lines: Good Boys Do Fine Always (G, B, D, F, A)

Spaces: All Cows Eat Grass (A, C, E, G)

What are all the articulations in music?

Staccato, marcato, legato, martele, pizzicato

Interval

the distance between two pitches

Unison

two sounds of an identical pitch

Octave

the distance between one pitch and the next pitch with the same name eight steps apart

Crescendo/Decrescendo

process of gradually getting louder (crescendo) or quieter (decrescendo) --> DYNAMICS IN MUSIC

Harmony

- use of different pitches simultaneously

- supporting infrastructure/sounds for melody

ex: chords in a guitar

Melody

tune; part you can hum/whistle/sing

Expression (music)

More than just the notes - comes from the performer

Form (music)

the structure of design (organization) of the music

- repetition, contrast, unity, variety

Phrase (music)

a musical line that contains groups of pitches; similar to a sentence in language

Pitch

the highness or lowness of a sound

Timbre

difference in sounds

(flute + trumpet play same exact note but sound different bc of timbre)

Dynamics (music)

term used by musicians to represent the louds and softs in music or the volume of the sound

-pianissimo, piano, mezzo-piano, mezzo-forte, forte, fortissimo

-Crescendo + decrescendo

Articulations (music)

attack and decay of tones + how they're produced, structure an event's start and end, determining the length of its sound

- They can also modify an event's timbre, dynamics, and pitch.

Fermata

a pause of unspecified length on a note or rest

Rubato & Ritardando

gradual changes of tempo + the alteration of note values in a musical composition

Rubato: slight speeding up and then slowing down

Ritardando: decreasing in speed

Pianissimo [pp]

very quiet

Piano [p]

quiet

Mezzo-piano [mp]

moderately quiet

Mezzo-forte [mf]

moderately loud

Forte [f]

loud

Fortissimo [ff]

very loud

Staccato

each note is detached or separated from others; short

Marcato

with emphasis and louder than the rest; stressed

Legato

smooth + connected, no breaks in between notes

Sforzando (sfz)

Strongly accented, or playing in a forced manner

Portamento

Carrying the sound very smoothly (legato) from note to note

Martele

Bow-strike: hammered, individual dotted notes

Pizzicato

plucking the strings instead of using a bow

What is good singing posture?

feel flat on floor, shoulders back, head and chest up, back slightly forward

What are the four main strands in the Texas state curriculum for music?

music literacy, creative expression, historical and cultural relevance, and critical evaluation and response

What are the different forms of Jazz?

Dixieland, classic, swing, bebop, mainstream, blues, fusion, modern, free, cool new wave

What artists are associated with Jazz?

Swing: Duke Ellington, Goodman, Basie (1930's)

Cool Jazz: Miles Davis

Bebop: Parker, Gillespie (1940's)

Free: Coleman, Coitrane (1960's)

What are the main elements of swing, cool, bebop and free jazz?

Swing: jazz style + quality of jazz perfromenace in contrast to straight rhythm in music

Cool: laidback, slower, softer, relaxed in contrast to Bop

Bop: focus on rhythm and faster tempo

Free: broke away from harmonic.melodic and formal conventions

Which music style is from Southern Texas, uses an accordion and a bajo-sexto?

Tejano Music

Mariachi Music?

ensemble; originated in Jalisco, Mexico. Has a trumpet, violins, guitar + guitarron

the geographic location of Texas + Mexico influenced mariachi style on Texas (migration from Mexico)

Count Basie, a jazz pianist and band leader, employed which style of playing in his accompaniment?

Comping

After the game has started, which of the following what be an inadvisable method for modifying a physical activity or game?

Applying rules of elimination because the highest-skilled kids will receive all the activity/opportunity provided and the lowest-skilled kids will become spectators

Dramatic play includes a variety of activities, but it rejects what?

Memorization of lengthy dialogues