HOSA Biotechnology Bio-Rad: Chapter 1

Biotechnology

is the merging of technology and biology

Biotechnology

use of modern molecular and microbial techniques to make useful products or processes.

PPE (personal protective equipment)

a barrier between a person and pathogens; includes gloves, gowns, masks, goggles, and face shields

Biosafety levels

BSL-1

BSL-2

BSL-3

BSL-4

Material Data Safety Sheet (MSDS)

material safety data sheet; safety information about products compiled by manufacturer.

Genetic Engineering

Process of making changes in the DNA code of living organisms. Process of manipulating genes.

Recombinant Proteins

Proteins that are formed from genes that are inserted into cells that are different from the original cells that coded for and made the protein

New combinations of Proteins

Novel Proteins

Chromatography

Process of separation

Genomics

investigates the whole genome

Proteomics

the study of sets of proteins and their properties

Transcriptomics

study of RNA patterns / transcription

Metabolomics

investigates metabolism

Microbiomics

investigates microbiomes / microorganisms

Enzymes

Biological tools that cut & reattach DNA

spectrophotometer

An instrument that measures the proportions of light of different wavelengths absorbed and transmitted

PCR

(polymerase chain reaction) multiple copies of a specific segment of DNA

Microarray

a grid of DNA segments of known sequence that is used to test and map DNA fragments, antibodies, or proteins.

transgenic animals

made by introducing genes from one species into the genome of another animal

Nanotechnology

the branch of engineering that deals with things smaller than 100 nanometers

Pharmacogenomics / Personalized Medicine

Use of DNA information to choose medications and make prescribing decisions.

or

prescribing medications based on race, gender or family history.

Pharming

Manufacturing drugs using animals

Genetically Modified Crops / GM crops

food crops with pest-resistance, herbicide-resistance, and extra nutritional contents.

bioremediaton

use of organisms to convert hazardous waste into a less hazardous form.

Phytoremediation

A method employed to clean up a hazardous waste site that uses plants to absorb and accumulate toxic materials

DNA profiling

A procedure that analyzes DNA fragments to determine whether they come from a specific individual.

Biodefense

all the methods used to protect a population from exposure to biological agents

DNA barcode

short DNA sequences that can be used to tell how species are related.

FDA

Food and Drug Administration. The agency that is responsible for determining if a food or drug is safe and effective enough to be sold to the public.

EPA

Environmental Protection Agency

USDA

United States Department of Agriculture

GLP

Good Laboratory Practices

GCP

Good Clinical Practice

GMP

Good Manufacturing Practices (for devices, see Quality stem Regulation).

QA

Quality Assurance

SOP

Standard Operating Procedure

OSHA

Occupational Safety and Health Administration