Chapter 4 Hardware and Software

Flashcards covering key concepts from Chapter 4 on hardware and software.

What are the four fundamental hardware components of every computer?

Central processing unit (CPU), memory, bus, and input/output devices.

What is the difference between multiprocessing and parallel processing?

Multiprocessing involves executing two or more instructions simultaneously, while parallel processing executes the same task across multiple processors.

What are the three primary classes of computers used in organizations?

Portable computers, nonportable computers, and systems used by multiple concurrent users.

What are two basic kinds of software?

System software and application software.

What does 'green computing' aim to achieve?

Efficient and environmentally responsible design, manufacture, operation, and disposal of IT-related products.

What is the role of the operating system?

To control computer hardware and provide an interface between application software and hardware.

What is secondary storage?

Stores large amounts of data, instructions, and information more permanently than main memory.

What is the main functions of RAM?

Temporary storage of instructions or data for quick access by the CPU.

What defines a server in computing?

A computer employed by many users to perform a specific task.

What distinguishes proprietary software from off-the-shelf software?

Proprietary software is one-of-a-kind designed for specific applications, while off-the-shelf software targets common needs across various users.