Ansci post test

The mating of animals that are more closely related than the average of the breed or population is known as:

Inbreeding

The gene for polled is dominant P and gene for horned is recessive p. If the F1 generation sire(Pp) is mated to a dam(Pp) the GENOTYPIC ratios for all the F2 offspring will be:

25% homozygous polled, 50% heterozygous polled, 25% homozygous horned

The gene for polled is dominant P and gene for horned is recessive p. If the F1 generation sire(Pp) is mated to a dam(Pp) the PHENOTYPIC ratios for all the F2 offspring will be:

75% polled, 25% horned

The most highly heritable trait is:

backfat thickness

Contributions to a successful Dairyherd improvement program are as a result of two very important factors discussed in class. What are these two factors?

Genetic selection and the environment

A variety of an animal, the members of which are related by descent and are similar in certain distinguishable characteristics is known as a

breed

The trait with the lowest heritability value listed below is

Litter size

The increase in performance in the crossbred progeny over the average of their parents is often referred to as

Heterosis

Which of the following traits in animal genetic terms would be considered as a carcass trait

Backfat thickness

A situation in which one gene pair(PP) prevents the phenotypic expression of another gene pair(pp) is known in genetic terms as

dominance

In order to optimize genetic improvement in a livestock herd animal breeders have to utilize several techniques in livestock selection. The following statements are true about livestock selection

-allows breeders to preserve superiority

-use techniques that let them address genetic improvement of individual producers

-allows certain animals to become parents

Which sire would you select as a replacement in your cow-calf herd?

herd avg: 3 lbs

1: 4 lbs 2: 2.9 lbs 3:4.7 lbs 4: 5 lbs 5: 1.9 lbs

2: 2.9 lbs

In livestock when a genetic trait expression is limited to one of the two sexes, this condition is referred to as:

Sex limited trait

Which of the following gene affects will be considered a qualitative genetic trait which is transmitted by only one gene

Horns in cattle, sheep or goats

Why were promoters able to get away with claiming superior cattle in the 1940s without getting accused of lying to the producer?

No comparative breed data available

Situation in which one gene pair(pp) has its phenotype masked by a gene pair(PP) when the two are present together in an individual(Pp) is known in genetic terms as

recessive

One of the reasons for large importation of different breeds of beef cattle from several different countries in the 1960s & 70s was because of

-Selection needs to establish grain fed cattle that produced greater % lean

-pressure to produce more weight in short amt of time

-promoters marketing a certain breed as the ultimate

In livestock when genes for a trait occur on the sex chromosomes, this condition is referred to as

Sex-linked trait

EPD estimates of genetic merit of an individual animal, and these estimates can be computed using genetic data from records of

Full sibs, individual animal, half sibs, parents

In normal mating conditions a bull with XY chromosomes mated to a cow with XX chromosomes will produce offspring that are:

50% XY and 50% XX

what must the feedstock producer who selects his own replacement stock do on an every day basis to enable him use good judgment in either selection methods

Identify animals, collect data, keep a good set of records

The expression of a genotype to the environment is referred to as the

Phenotype

The gene for polled is dominant P and gene for horned is recessive p. If PP sire is mated to a pp dam all the offspring will be

Heterozygous polled

The simplest unit of inheritance is known as the

Gene

Which selection criteria did we discussed in class as being the most accurate selection system

Selection index

In sheep the gene for horns appears completely dominant in males. The same gene in females appears recessive to the polled condition this trait in sheep is said to be a

Sex influenced trait

The difference in performance between the average of individual animals selected in the average of the herd or group from which they are selected is referred to as

Selection differential

T or F: One of the reasons for large importation of different breeds of beef cattle from several different countries in the 1960s and 70s was because of selection needs to establish grain-fed cattle that produced greater % lean

True

T or F: The poultry industry is highly efficient in meat and egg production because of specialized production in different phases by several poultry companies

False

Which of the following selection systems listed below would be considered the most used selection system for breeding stock replacement and livestock enterprises across Wisconsin

Independent Culling

The mating of animals that are of the same establish breed but not closely related than the average of the breed or population is known as

Outbreeding

T or F: Advances in AI permit farmers to use outstanding sires for genetic improvement and to control reproductive diseases in their herds

True

A trait is a heritable characteristic, which of the following an animal production would not be considered a trait

Animal environment on the farm

You were given a premium for milk production based on the milk fat content of your milk by a dairy industry manufacturer who produces cheese and butter for a chain of grocery stores which specific breed of dairy cows will you be milking in your barn

Jersey

the transmission of genes from parents to offspring is known in genetical terms as

Inheritance

Cow-calf operations are mostly in areas were land is best suited for grazing. Which of the following states has the highest number of cow-calf production operations

Texas

The mating of animals that have different established breeds is known as

Cross breeding

T or F: The number of dairy cows being milked today is decreasing, but the amount of milk per dairy cow is increasing

True

T or F: variation exists within and between breeds for milk yield and % milk fat but the efficiency of milk production per 100 pounds of body weight is the same for major breeds

True

T or F: the pounds per capita consumption of meat is much higher for developing countries than industrialized countries

True

The release of the ovum in cows or ova in sows is referred to as

Ovulation

The incubation period for turkey eggs is

28 days

T or F: The anatomy and the ability to produce an offspring is quite different in birds as compared to mammals

True

The funnel-like structure that catches the ova as they are released from the ovary of a sow during ovulation is known as the

infundibulum

The scar tissue left on the ovary after ovulation occurs are known as

Corpus lutea

In the sexually mature boar or bull _____ cells are involved in the generation of spermatozoa

seminiferous tubules

Ovarian functions occur in a cyclic matter following puberty. this cyclic nature of events is known as the

estrous cycle

___ is the average length of the estrus cycle in the ewe and ___ is the average length of the estrus cycle in the sow

17 and 21 days

T or F: During the reproductive tract dissection lab, we discussed both sow and cow reproductive tracts. We were able to count more CL on the ovaries of the cow tract than on the ovaries of the sow tract

false

T or F: The difference between a sow and a cow reproductive tract is the fact that the sow has a large uterine body and short uterine horns, and the cow has a small uterine body and long uterine horns.

False

Reproductive efficiency in farm animals as measured by the number of ___

calves or lambs per 100 females,

eggs produced per year,

pigs per litter

The hormone in the female animal that causes the cessation of pregnancy or triggers parturition is

PGF2%

Which of the following farm animals is seasonally polyestrous

Mare

The incubation period for chicken eggs is

21 days

T or F: only the right ovary is functional and producing an ovum in the avian species because the left ovary atrophies

False, right ovary atrophies

The ovum is enclosed in a fluid filled cavity during development. This structure on the ovary is known as the

Follicle

___ Is the length of gestation in the cow

282 days

____ is the reproductive technique or process used to control the estrous cycle so that female animals in the herd are in estrus at the same time

estrus synchronization

The process of giving birth to a calf, lamb, or piglet is also known in reproduction as

Parturition

_____ & _____ are considered technological advances in reproduction

Artificial insemination & embryo transfer

____ Is the length of gestation in the ewe or doe

150 days

T or F: The boar and bull have less erectal tissue and possess the sigmoidal flexure that lengthens upon erection and extends the penis during the meeting process

True

_____ is the hormone secreted by the female reproductive tract that causes sexual excite ability in cows, ewes, sows, etc.

Estrogen

_____ is the length of gestation in the sow

114 days

T or F: fertilization occurs in the oviduct in the female reproductive tract because during estrus conditions in the fallopian tube are suitable for fertilization to occur

True

In the sexually mature boar or bull ______ cells are involved in the production of the male secondary sex hormone testosterone

Leydig cells

T or F: The placenta is a structure in which the developing fetus is enclosed attaches to the uterine wall during implantation until parturition

True

_____ is the length of gestation in the mare

336 days

To increase reproductive performance he was a future manager of an animal production unit must

-know the proper anatomy and physiology of the reproductive system

-give priority in your management location to improving reproductive performance

-perform timely inseminations or matings

Which major hormone is produced by the cells of the graffian follicle

Estrogen

____ is the meiotic process that results in the development of the sperm in male farm animals

spermatogenesis

The hormone in the female and that stimulates follicular development is

FSH

T or F: AI is primarily used for genetic improvement in the beef industry than the dairy industry

False

The period of time when the animal shows signs of sexual receptivity is referred to in reproductive physiology as

estrus

___Is the meiotic process that results in the development of an ovum in the cow

oogenesis

The hormone that is produced by the corpus luteum and functions in preventing estrus during pregnancy or maintaining pregnancy is known as

progesterone

T or F: AI is primarily used in the dairy industry were more heifers than cows are bred through AI

False

Which of the following factors would be considered a hereditary factors that affect sperm direction

Cryptorchids

T or F: the stallion has less erectal tissue as such posses the sigmoid flexure that lengthens upon erection and extends the penis during the mating process

false

Which of the following would be considered an environmental factor that affects sperm production

high temperatures & underfeeding

T or F: Sperm stored in the oviduct is capable of fertilizing eggs for up to 30 days in turkeys and 10 days in chickens.

True

____Is the process where the developing embryo is embedded in the uterine endometrium of a gestation mare

implantation

And male birds the testicles are retained in the abdomen even after they are hatched. The following statement is true about male birds at sexual maturity

produce viable sperm that can fertilize an ovum

produce testosterone

T or F: a cryptorchid bull will typically be able to produce sperm that is viable and will fertilize an ovum if the ejaculate is used through AI to meet a cow

False

In the sexually mature boar or bull____ is the site of sperm cell maturation in storage in the testicle

Epididymis

The hormone in the female animal that triggers ovulation the ovum or ova from the ovary is

estrogen

What principle hormones are involved in bringing about successful parturition

Progesterone and LH

___ is the term used to refer to the force that moves food after swallowing throughout the animals gastrointestinal tract

peristalsis

Animal heat loss as a result of the animals body coming in contact with an object is known as

conduction

T or F: In our considerations of space requirements for livestock production, solid concrete floors hold a higher concentration of animal numbers than slatted floors.

False

_______________ In the ruminant gastrointestinal tract is comparable to the simple stomach of the nonruminant?

abomasum

The temperature surrounding the animal also known as effective environmental temperature is very critical for the animals productive life. Which of the following temperature conditions will be most appropriate for the optimum animal production?

Thermoneutral zone and comfort zone

__________ is defined as state of resistance and the animal to a disease causing agent.

immunity

A nutrient is defined as a feed constituent that aids in the support of animal life which of the following is not a nutrient.

mecadox

At the upper critical temperature the animal consumes less food. Which of the following statements is true in animal nutrition:

Fat additions to the diet are helpful & percentage protein requirements will increase.

All farm animals that are able to maintain a relatively constant body temperature are known as:

homeotherms

T or F: Horses need to be fed small rations many times per day because the layering effect of ingesta results in many digestive disorders.

true

Animal heat loss as a result of air movement over the animals body is known as:

convection

___________ is the honeycomb like compartment in the room and it digestive system that is often known as the hardware store.

reticulum

Animal performance is affected by two major factors. what are these major factors?

Genetic selection and environment