Round 1 - Set 16 (Energy, Chem, Bio, Earth and Space)

This set of flashcards covers key scientific concepts and terms from various fields including physics, biology, chemistry, and earth science.

Toss Up: Energy - Short Answer: The lightest group of mesons studied by scientists at Fermi National Lab.

Pions

Bonus: Energy – Short Answer: Researchers at Los Alamos National Lab are studying the effects of Super El Nino events in the past, including the one that occurred from 2015 to 2016. Identify all of the following three changes that are consequences of an El Nino event:

1) Increases in soil moisture in India;

2) High air pressure in the Western Pacific;

3) High sea surface temperatures off the coast of Peru.

2 and 3

Toss up: Biology – Short Answer What vitamin is essential in humans for the synthesis of several blood clotting factors?

K

Bonus: Biology – Multiple Choice: Coronaviruses are positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses. Which of the following describes how their genetic material is processed after entering a cell?

W) Transcribed to mRNA with RNA-dependent RNA polymerase [pah-LIM-er-ace]

X) Directly translated by host ribosomes

Y) Reverse transcribed to DNA with reverse transcriptase

Z) Translated after assembly of viral ribosomes

X) DIRECTLY TRANSLATED BY HOST RIBOSOMES

Toss Up: Chemistry – Short Answer: What is the value of the reaction quotient when the change in Gibbs free energy is zero?

K

Bonus: Chemistry – Short Answer Match the flame test colors blue, green, and purple to the following three metals or compounds: 1) Boric acid; 2) Potassium; 3) Cesium.

1) GREEN; 2) PURPLE; 3) BLUE

Toss up: Earth and Space – Short Answer Jet streams are located at what boundary in Earth's atmosphere?

TROPOPAUSE

Bonus: Earth and Space – Short Answer: Speleothem [SPEEL-ee-o-them] cave deposits are most typically composed of what type of rock?

LIMESTONE

Toss up: Energy – Short Answer: Scientists supported by the Department of Energy are developing new ways to synthesize carbon fiber. In carbon fiber, what is the hybridization state of the carbon atoms?

SP2

Bonus: Energy – Short Answer: Scientists supported by the Department of Energy are producing catalysts for methanol production. They are synthesizing methanol via the oxidation of what organic starting material?

METHANE

Toss up: Biology – Short Answer Ducks have webbed feet while chickens do not. This morphogenetic difference is mediated by BMP4 and Gremlin, which are proteins involved in what cellular process?

APOPTOSIS

Bonus: Biology – Short Answer: Identify all of the following three compounds that are derivatives of cholesterol: 1) Testosterone; 2) Cortisol; 3) Retinol.

1, 2

Toss up: Earth and Space – Short Answer: What is the name for the gap between Saturn’s A and B rings?

CASSINI DIVISION

Bonus: Earth and Space – Multiple Choice In kelvins, which of the following is closest to the radiative equilibrium temperature of Earth?

W) 100

X) 250

Y) 300

Z) 350

X) 250

Toss up: Energy – Short Answer Argonne National Lab researchers are studying photocatalysts made of Cu2O to reduce carbon dioxide into methanol. What is the IUPAC [EYE-you-pack] name for Cu2O?

COPPER (I) OXIDE

Bonus: Energy – Short Answer: Scientists at SLAC National Accelerator Facility are studying photo-iso-mer-i-zation in opsins. Identify all of the following three statements that are true of opsins:

1) They are G-protein-coupled receptors;

2) They are found in the retina;

3) They are covalently bound to retinal [REHT-nul] when active.

ALL

Toss up: Biology – Short Answer: What chromosome are Barr bodies derived from?

X

Bonus: Biology – Multiple Choice: In eukaryotic cells, the electron transport chain directly performs which of the following actions?

W) Generating ATP

X) Generating GTP

Y) Pumping protons into the mitochondrial matrix

Z) Pumping protons into the intermembrane space

Z) Pumping protons into the intermembrane space

Toss up: Earth and Space – Short Answer In what phase is the Moon when moonrise occurs at noon?

FIRST QUARTER

Bonus: Earth and Space – Multiple Choice Which of the following types of stars has a luminosity [loo-min-AW-sih-tee] most similar to that of red dwarfs?

W) Red giants

X) Yellow dwarfs

Y) White dwarfs

Z) Brown dwarf

Y) WHITE DWARFS