Paper 1 - newspapers

What are the 8 news values?

Threshold

Negitivity

Proximity

Unexpectedness

Unabiguity

Continuity/currency

Elite Nations/People

Personalisation

What is threshold?

The bigger the story the more likely it is to get onto the news agenda

What is negitivity?

Bad news is more intresting than good news

What is procximity?

The closer to home the story is the more intrested the reader is. Tabloid and local newspapers tend to be more ethnocentric than quality newspapers

What is unexpectedness?

An event that is a shock or out of the ordinary. For example the london terrorist attacks in 2017, and event like this will push other news off the agenda and changes to the front page may be made at the last minuite

What is unambiguity?

Events that are easy to report and are not complex will be higher up in the agenda of some newspapers. Modern wars are often difficult to report on and are often avoided by tabloid newspapers unless they involve personalities or can be graphically represented.

What are elite nations/people?

Stories about important people and powerful nations, for example if the event is in the USA then it will be higher up on the agenda

What is continuity/currency?

Stories that are already in the news continue to run and are updated as new aspects of the story appear, for example brexit and donald trumps presidancy

What is personalisation?

News stories that have a human-intrest angle are more likely to appear in some newspapers. Readers are intrested in celebrities and stories have more meaning if theyre more personal.

What are broadsheet newspapers?

They tend to be larger physically, and they focus on on serious in-depth journalism.

They prioritise political news, buisness rather than celebrity gossip

The language used is more sophisticated and uses an elaborated code

It is aimed more towards the middle class

What are tabloid newspapers?

They tend to be smaller in size than broadsheets and also contain larger glossy images.

They prioritise celebrity gossip and lifestyle info

They use a more restricted code which means it is easier to understand for a mass audience.

It is aimed more towards the working class

What is newspaper bias?

Despite the journalistic ideal of ‘objectivity’ every news story is influenced by the attitudes and backgrounds of its interviewers, writers, photographers and editors.

What are some journalistic techniques of bias?

Bias through selection and omission

Bias through placement

Bias through headline

Bias through photos, captions and camera angles

Bias through use of names and titles

Bias through statstics and croud counts

Bias through source control

Word choice and tone

What is bias through selection and omission?

An editor can express a bias by choosing to use or not use a specific news item

Within a given story some details can be ignored and others included to give readers or viewers a different opinion about the events reported on

If during a speech a few people boo the reaction can be described as “Remarks greeted by jeers” or they can be ignored as a “Handful of dissidents”

Bias through omission is difficult to detect, only by comparing news reports from a wide variety of outlets can this form of bias be observed

What is Bias through placement?

Readers of papers judge first page stories to be more significant than thoes buried in the back.

Television and radio newscasts run the most important stories first and leave the less significant for later

Where a story is placed therefore influences what a reader or viewer thinks about its importance.

What is bias by headline?

Many people read only the headlines of the news item scanning nearly all the headlines