cell cycle

Interphase

Cell spends most of its time in this phase. composed of G1, S, and G2 phase. Happens before mitosis. DNA is in the form of chromatin

Prophase

Mitosis begins 1) centrioles appear and begin to move to opposite ends of cell 2) spindle fibers form between the poles. 3) The nuclear envelope breaks down 4) chromatin condenses into chromosomes

Metaphase

Chromatids attach to spindle fibers; chromosomes line in middle of cell

Anaphase

Sister Chromatids separate, begin to move to opposite ends, pulled by the spindle fibers

Telophase

Cell membrane membrane pinches in to create two daughter cells, two new nuclei form around the separated chromosomes, the two new cells are identical.

Cytokinesis

Cytoplasm splits. Two new identical daughter cells are formed.

Centromere

Center of a chromosome where sister chromatids connect; where spindle fiber attached during mitosis

Mitosis

Cell division when nucleus divides into two nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes ending in 2 identical cells

Spindle Fibers

Special microtubules made of proteins - connect to centromeres and pull apart chromosomes

G1 Phase

Stage of interphase in which cell grows and performs its normal functions

S Phase

Synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated

G2 Phase

Growth, prepares for cell division, second centriole forms

Chromatid

two identical strands of the same chromosomes

chromosome

During prophase and metaphase, the DNA in a eukaryotic cell is tightly packed and coiled into structures called...

centriole

Where the microtubules of the spindle originate during mitosis in animal cells.

Phase the cell spends most of its time in.

Interphase

Phase where chromosomes condense

Prophase

Phase where chromosomes align in the middle

Metaphase

Phase where sister chromatids separate

Anaphase

Phase where cytoplasmic division begins to occur.

Cytokinesis

Cancer

Uncontrolled cell growth resulting from mutations in DNA. A disruption in the cell cycle.

Benign tumor

A mass of cancer cells that is not harmful because it stays in one place.

Malignant tumor

Cancerous cells that spread through the body and can travel through blood and lymph nodes.

Metastasis

The spread of cancer cells to locations distant from their original site.

What are things than can cause cancer?

1. Radiation

2. Chemicals (carcinogens)

3. Smoking

4. Harmful diet

5. Lack of exercise

6. Family history

tumor suppressor genes

A gene whose protein product inhibits cell division, thereby preventing the uncontrolled cell growth that contributes to cancer.

Proto-oncogenes

normal cellular genes that are important regulators of normal cellular processes, they promote growth. alterations in the expression of these cells result in oncogenes