Micro- Intro, history, and

Percentage of cells that are RBCs

85%

Species of bacteria in human

40k

How much of the bacteria in human belongs to the gut

about 90%

Microbiome - % of digestive tract with s/l intestine

99%

How much of bio carbon and bio nitrogen is responsible for from the microorganisms

50% carbon and 90% nitrogen

benefits of fermented foods

healthy, food benefits, insulin, antibiotics, nitrogen fixing, gas, cool jeans

medical microbio def

study of causitive agents of infectious diseases of humans and their reactions

bacteriology def and example

bacteria, causitive agents of a member of infectious diseases ex: e.coli, MRSA

virology

viruses, non-cellular living systems, cause diseases ex. virus, bird flu, covid

immunology

mechanisms of body protection against pathogenic microorganisms and foreign cells ex. vaccine pig kidney transplant

mycology

study of fungi pathogenic for human ex. ring worm, athletes foot, toenail

protozoology

pathigenic unicellular animal organisms ex. algae which toxic can kill dogs

7 characteristic of life

homeostasis, organization, metabolism, growth, adaptation, response to stimuli, and reproduction

example of microbes

protozoans, algae, mushrooms, anything small

living microbes - how many characteristics (which)

all

viruses nonliving -- how many characteristics (which)

adaptation and partial reproduction (not quite) - they replicate by invasion not with self

prions - how many characteristics (which)

none just misfolded proteins

characteristics of virus

no cell membrane, genome ds or ss, DNA or RNA

prion characteristics

no cell membrane and no genome

life is cell based fundamentals:

1+ cell, cell membrane, ds DNA genome, prokaryote or eukaryote

what do all cells have?

cell membrane, cytoplasm, dna, ribosomes

some cells get:

cell walls and plasmids

unique properties of prokaryotes

nucleoid and circular chromosomes

unique of eukaryotes

nucleus, er, golgi, mito, and chloroplasts

what do mitochondria and chloroplasts have in common?

they have their own circular DNA

Exception to circular DNA in prokaryotes

Borrelia burgdoferi (lyme diseases causative agent) - linear

Borrelia burgdoferi

lyme diseases causative agent

3 domains of life

bacteria, eukarya, archaea

LUCA

last universal common ancestor

Microscope development

Janssen and son Hans

Leeuwenhoek

discovery of microorganisms, father of microbio, observed and described microorganisms accurately

Hooke

microscope, english physician, cell biology

who used a cork slice to name a cell?

Hooke

cell theory - animals

Schwann

cell theory for plants

Schleiden

cell theory

1. all living organisms are composed of one or more cells

2. cells are the basic functional units of all life

All cells arise from preexisting cells TERM

biogenesis

Who termed biogenesis

Virchow

Middle age Miasma theory

bad air causes disease, comes from nowhere

germ theory of disease timeframe

mid 1800s

Abiogenesis

theory of spontaneous generation

Francesco Redi - 17th century

abiogenesis - maggots and frogs arise from nonliving material

Bassi

showed disease of silkworms was caused by a fungus and showed germ theory of disease

Lous Pasteur (star) EXPERIMENT

Swann neck experiment glass neck, braking off to allow air which then caused growth

vaccines for anthrax, rabies, and chicken cholera

Who disproved abiogenesis

Louis Pasteur

Pasteurization

milk - high temp short time

Why wine and beer soured?

Pasteur - yeasts cause fermentation, sugars to alcohols in absense of air

spoilage can occur alter from bad yeast

Tyndall

dust carries microorganisms, if dust was absent - nutrient remained sterile

Tyndallization

heat resistant forms of bacteria - not common anymore

Lister

sterile surgery and now listerine

Listeria

foodborne illness

Koch

causitative agents for diseases

What did Koch get a nobel prize for?

tuberculosis

what did Koch’s work lead to?

agar (used to be potato slices), petri dish, nutrient broth and nutrient agar, and isolation methods

Koch’s postulates

bacteria could transmit disease, animal must develop symptoms if inoculated

1: Many different diseases cause same symptoms         2: Not everyone gets sick          3: Virus and Prion were not included        4: Some diseases are human only (Syphilus)

Jenner

Variolation with cowpox prevented small pox - intentionally immunize people

what does attenuated mean?

weakened

measles

one of the most infectinos virus, immune system suppression after recovery

Fleming

antibiotic - penicillin (no growth close to it)

Sulfa drug

syphyllus or strep infections

antibiotic resistance after sulfa drug and streptomycin

bacteria mutate and learn to defeat the drugs designed to kill them

makes it hard to treat