Geography: Unit 1 - Changing Populations

Population Explosions

rapid increases in population size due to high birth rates and declining death rates, often leading to resource strain.

Youthful Population

A demographic trend where a large proportion of the population is comprised of children and young adults, often resulting in high dependency ratios and potential economic challenges.

Ageing Population

A demographic trend characterized by an increasing median age in the population, often due to declining birth rates and higher life expectancy.

Alpha city

A major city that serves as a leading hub for finance, culture, and politics, often influential on a global scale.

G20

An international forum of 19 countries and the European Union that discusses and promotes global economic stability and growth.

OPEC

An organization of oil-exporting countries that coordinates petroleum policies and prices among member nations.

OECD

An organization that promotes policies to improve the economic and social well-being of people around the world.

Brain Drain

The emigration of highly skilled or educated individuals from one country to another, often resulting in a loss of talent and innovation in the home country.

Diaspora

The dispersion of a group of people from their original homeland, often resulting in communities that maintain cultural ties while living in various locations.

Distance Decay Function

The interaction between two places decreases as the distance between them increases, often impacting social, economic, and cultural exchanges.

Remittances

One member of a family immigrates to a host country and once they obtain a job they send a portion of their salary back to their family in the country of origin. These contribute to the economy of the country.

Transhumance

The seasonal movement of people and their livestock between fixed summer and winter pastures, typically practiced in mountainous regions.

ESPN

Economic, Social, Political, eNvironmental: the four main impacts on an event

Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration

Most migrants travel short distances and migration is often stepwise.

Intervening Obstacle

Barriers that hinder/prevent migration: Environmental-mountains, rivers

Political-laws, regulations

Social-hatred for immigrants

Restraining Factors

• Fear and uncertainty

• Organizational culture

• Inadequate training

Illicit Financial Flows (IFFs)

All cross boarder financial transactions which cross the national/international law

Tax Haven

A country/place that has little to no taxes for out of country people/companies

Pro-natalist

Encourages having babies

Anti-natalist

Doesn’t encourage babies

Ethnicity

Group a person belongs to/identifies with/identified with

Stage 1-High stationary

pop. low birth/death rates stay high

Stage 2-Early Expanding

Birth rates high, death rates low due to basic health care, pop. increases

Stage 3-Late expanding

Birth rates fall due to better education

Stage 4-Low stationary

Birth/death rates low, pop. stays consistent

Stage 5-Natural decrease

Birth rates decline below death rates, pop. declines