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Fecundity
________ is the potential for a species to produce offspring in one lifetime.
Biologists
________ have three main dispersion patters; clumped, uniform, and random.
Humans
________ can obtain more energy from consuming more autotrophs (grains vegetables, and fruits)
Pollution
________ can contaminate water.
Ecological niche
________- an organisms biological characteristics (food, shelter, mate)
Interspecific interactions
________ help maintain necessary equilibrium that sustain communities.
Stationary phase
________- population reaching carrying capacity, thus growth rates decrease.
Disruption
________ can occur when natural disaster or invasive species.
Environmental resistance
________- factors that limit populations ability to realize biotic potential.
Disease
________ is more easily spread in overcrowded populations, pathogens are able to move from host to host easily, since more host available in close proximity.
Allele effect
________- population can not survive /reproduce when the population density is too low.
Dynamic equilibrium
________- birthrate= death rate.
Biotic potential
________- max rate a population can increase in ideal conditions.
Quadrat
________- sampling frame used fir estimating population size.
Predation
________- predator killing prey (2 diff species usually)
GMO
________- crops are being genetically modified to withstand extreme temperatures, to be resistant to pests and herbicides, to have better flavour, and nutritional content.
Rain forests
________ exhibit random dispersion.
Density
________- total number of individuals of a specific species divided by the area /volume occupied by the population D= N /S.
Insecticide applications
________- → killing entire food chain begining with intended insect.
Exploitative competition
________ is shared consumption or use if a resource.
Climate change
________ has caused glaciers to melt rapidly, thus depleting the time we can use them for fresh water.
Density
total number of individuals of a specific species divided by the area/volume occupied by the population D= N/S
Crude density
number of individuals of the same species/ per total unit area
ecological density
number of individuals/ per used area by individuals
Dispersion
the general pattern in of individuals that are distributed through a specified area
Clumped dispersion
Most populations display clumped dispersion, organisms are densely grouped in areas of the habitat best for survival/ have favourable conditions
Uniform dispersion
Individuals are evenly distributed in the habitat
Random dispersion
the pattern when individuals are spread throughout a habitat in a unpredictable manner
carrying Capacity
the maximum number of organisms that can be sustained by available resources over a specific period of time
Population size
number of individual of a specific species in a given area/ volume at a specific time
quadrat
sampling frame used fir estimating population size
Mark -recapture method
sampling technique for mobile wildlife population (fish)
Type 1 survivorship
(humans) late loss
Type 2 survivorship
(birds) constant loss, independent of age
Type 3 survivorship
(small fishes) Early loss
geometric growth
a pattern of population growth where organisms reproduce at fixed intervals at a constant rate
exponential growth
a pattern of growth where organisms reproduce continuously at a constant rate
lag phase
initial stage, population growth is slow, since small population
log phase
stage where population growth is rapid
environmental resistance
factors that limit populations ability to realize biotic potential
biotic potential
max rate a population can increase in ideal conditions
stationary phase
population reaching carrying capacity, thus growth rates decrease
Dynamic equilibrium
birthrate = death rate
Infraspecific competition
same species compete for resources in habitat
predation
predator killing prey ( 2 diff species usually)
allele effect
population cannot survive/ reproduce when the population density is too low
limiting factor
any essential resource in short supply
community
all populations in given ecosystem
ecological niche
an organisms biological characteristics ( food, shelter, mate)
Energy pyramid
a model that illustrates energy flow from producers at the beginning of food chains to consumers farther along
GMO
crops are being genetically modified to withstand extreme temperatures, to be resistant to pests and herbicides, to have better flavour, and nutritional content
Acid deposition
a mixture of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide pollutants that reach earth in the form of rain, gas, or solid ( acid precipitation)
Greenhouse effect
a result of certain atmospheric gases, such as CO2, water vapour, and methane, trapping heat in the atmosphere by letting visible sunlight penetrate to Earths surface, while absorbing most wavelengths of infrared radiation that radiate from Earths surface
Note
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