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what do hydrolysis reactions result in
a chemical decomposition involving the splitting of a bond by the addition of water
hydrolysis is the opposite of what
dehydration synthesis
what do hydrolysis reactions do
they break bonds and release energy
enzyme
a globular protein that catalyzes a biological chemical reaction (enzyme=catalylist)
what does hydrolysis mean
to split water
what happens when the components are un-ionized
one part gains a hydrogen atom (H-) and the other gains a hydroxyl group (OH-) from a split water molecule. this happens when monosaccharides are released from complex carbohydrates via hydrolysis
What happens when the components are ionized
one part gains two hydrogen atoms and a positive charge and the other part gains an oxygen atom and a negative charge. this happens when amino acids are released from protein chains via hydrolysis
how is hydrolysis different from dehydration synthesis
dehydration reactions involve the formation of new bonds, involving energy, while hydrolysis reactions break bonds and release energy
how are dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis alike
they are chemical reactions that are catalyzed or "sped up" by specific enzymes
what happens when we eat food
our food is hydrolosized or broken down into smaller molecules by catalysitc enzymes in the digestive tract
how are carbohydrates broken down
by amylase, sucrase, lactase, or maltase
how are lipids broken down
by the enzymes trypsin and pepsin
how are proteins broken down
by lipases
what does hydrolysis have to do with our cells
its absorbed by the cells in your body and the breakdown of these macromolecules is an overall energy-releasing process and provides energy for cellular activities
