Cardiovascular + Blood Systems

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185 Terms

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Card/o, cardi/o

Heart

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Blood vessels

Angi/o

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Vas/o

Blood vessels

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Arteri/o

Arteries

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Capill/o

Capillaries

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Phleb/o

Veins

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Ven/o

Veins

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Hem/o, hemat/o

Blood

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Aort/o

Aorta

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Ather/o

Plaque, fatty substance

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Brady-

Slow

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Within

End/o

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Peri-

Surrounding

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-sclerosis

Hardening

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Tachy-

Fast, rapid

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Thromb/o

Clot

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ACE inhibitor

  • Used to treat hypertension

  • Blocks the action of the enzyme that causes the blood vessels to contract

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Anemia

A disorder characterized by lower than normal levels of erythrocytes in the blood

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Aneurysm

A localized weak spot or balloon-like enlargement of the wall of an artery

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Angina

A condition characterized by severe episodes of chest pain due to inadequate blood flow to the myocardium

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Angioplasty

A procedure that mechanically widens a narrow or obstructed blood vessel, sometimes placing a stent to keep the vessel open permanently

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Anticoagulant

Blood thinner, stops blood clotting

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Aortic stenosis

A buildup of calcium and fat deposits in the aortic valve

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Arrhythmia

Abnormal heart rhythm

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Atherectomy

The surgical removal of plaque buildup from the interior of an artery

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Atherosclerosis

Hardening and narrowing of the arteries caused by a buildup of plaque

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Atrial fibrillation

Occurs when the normal rhythmic contractions of the atria are replaced by irregular twitching of the heart muscular wall

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Beta blocker

Reduces the workload of the heart by blocking the stress release of hormones, slowing heart rate

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Bradycardia

An abnormally slow resting heart rate

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Capillaries

  • The smallest blood vessels in the body, only one epithelial cell in width

  • Slow blood flow to allow plasma to flow into tissues

  • Connect arteries to veins

  • Site of oxygen/carbon dioxide exchange

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Cardiac arrest

An event in which the heart abruptly stops beating or develops an arrhythmia that prevents it from pumping blood effectively

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Cardiac catheterization

A diagnostic and treatment procedure in which a catheter is passed through a vein or artery and guided to the heart

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Cardiomyopathy

General term for all diseases of the heart muscle

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Carotid endarterectomy

Surgical removal of the lining of a portion of a clogged carotid artery

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Cholesterol

A fatty substance that travels through the blood and is found in all parts of the body

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Chronic venous insufficiency

A condition in which venous circulation is inadequate due to partial vein blockage or leaky venous valves

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Coronary artery disease

Atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries that reduces blood supply to the heart muscle

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Coronary thrombosis

Damage to the heart muscle caused by a thrombus blocking a coronary artery

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Defibrillation

Use of an electric shock to restore normal heart rhythm

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Diastole

The period of relaxation as the heart chambers refill with blood

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Diuretic

An antihypertensive medication administered to increase urine output to rid the body of excess sodium and water

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Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG)

A record of the electrical activity of the myocardium

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Electrophysiologist

A physician specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of heart arrhythmias

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Embolism

The sudden blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus

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Embolus

A foreign object, such as a blood clot or a bit of tissue/tumor, that is circulating in the blood

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Endocarditis

Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

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Erythrocytes

Mature red blood cells

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Heart murmur

An abnormal blowing or clicking sound when listening to the heart or major neighboring blood vessel

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Hemoglobin

  • Oxygen-carrying blood protein

  • Pigment of erythrocytes

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Hypertension

Elevation of arterial blood pressure that can be damaging to the cardiovascular system

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Hypoperfusion

A deficiency of blood passing through an organ

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Ischemia

A condition in which there is insufficient supply of oxygen due to restricted blood flow to an organ

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Long QT syndrome

An inherited or medically acquired heart rhythm disorder that can cause fast, dangerous arrhythmias

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Mitral valve prolapse

The abnormal profusion of a mitral valve that results in the inability of the valve to close completely

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Myocardial infarction

The occlusion of one or more coronary arteries due to plaque buildup, leading to heart tissue damage

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Orthostatic hypotension

Low blood pressure that occurs upon standing up and remains lower than normal as long as the patient remains standing

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Pericardium

The double-walled membranous sac that surrounds the heart

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Phlebitis

Inflammation of a vein

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Raynaud’s disease

A peripheral arterial occlusive disease in which intermittent attacks are caused by cold temperatures or stress

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Sinoatrial node

  • Located in the posterior wall of the right atrium near the entrance of the superior vena cava

  • Establishes the basic rhythm and rate of heart beat (natural pacemaker!)

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Systole

The period of contraction that the ventricles undergo while pumping blood into the aorta and the pulmonary artery

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Tachycardia

Abnormally fast resting heart rate

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Temporal arteritis

Caused by the inflammation of the temporal arteries supplying blood to the head and brain

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Thallium stress test

Nuclear imaging test performed by injecting a small amount of thallium into the bloodstream to evaluate how well the blood flows through the coronary arteries during exercise

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Thrombolytic

Drug that causes a blood clot to dissolve

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Thrombotic occlusion

Blockage of an artery by a thrombus

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Thrombus

A blood clot attached to the interior wall of a vein or artery

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Varicose veins

Abnormally swollen veins that usually occur in the superficial veins of the legs

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Venous thromboembolism

A blood clot that originates in a vein

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Ventricular fibrillation

Rapid, irregular, useless contraction of the ventricles

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Ventricular tachycardia

Very rapid heartbeat that begins with the ventricles

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Parietal pericardium

Outer wall of the pericardium

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Pericardial fluid

Fluid found between the two layers of the pericardium

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Visceral pericardium (epipericardium)

The inner layer of the pericardium that forms the outer layer of the heart

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Myocardium

  • Middle and thickest of the heart’s three layers

  • Consists of specialized cardiac muscle tissue that is capable of the constant contraction and relaxation that is responsible for maintaining blood flow throughout the body

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Endocardium

Inner layer of the heart that comes into direct contact with the blood as it is being pumped through the heart

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Coronary arteries

  • The arteries that encircle the heart

  • Carry oxygen-rich blood to the myocardium

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Atria

  • The two upper chambers of the heart separated by a septum

  • The receiving chambers of the heart

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Ventricles

  • The two lower chambers of the heart separated by the a septum

  • Pump oxygenated blood to the rest of the body

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Tricuspid valve

Controls the opening between the right atrium and right ventricle

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Pulmonary valve

Controls the opening between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

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Mitral (bicuspid) valve

Controls the opening between the left atrium and left ventricle

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Aortic valve

Controls the opening between the left ventricle and the aorta

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Flow of blood through the heart

  • Deoxygenated blood flows into right atrium from superior and inferior vena cava

  • Right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood through pulmonary artery into the lungs

  • Left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the pulmonary veins

  • Left ventricle pumps oxygen-rich blood from left atrium through aorta to the rest of the body

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Pulmonary circulation

Blood circulation between the heart and lungs only

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Systemic circulation

Blood flow to all body parts except the lungs

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Flow of electrical impulses

  • Sinoatrial (SA) node

  • Atrioventricular (AV) node

  • Bundle of His

  • Ventricle contracts

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Purkinje fibers

Conductive fibers located within the walls of the ventricles that stimulate ventricular contraction when an electrical impulse is received

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Sinus rhythm

Normal heart rhythm

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P wave

Due to contraction of atria

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QRS complex

  • Shows the stimulation of the ventricles as the atria relax

  • Shaped like an inverted V on an EKG

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T wave

Shows relaxation of ventricles

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Arteries

Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body

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Carotid arteries

Carry blood upward toward the head

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Arterioles

Smaller branches of arteries that supply blood to the capillaries

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Veins

Return oxygen-poor blood to the heart

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Venae cavae

The two largest veins in the body

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Superior vena cava

Returns oxygen-poor blood from the upper portion of the body to the heart

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Inferior vena cava

Returns oxygen-poor blood from the lower portion of the body to the heart

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Pulse

Rhythmic pressure against the walls of an artery caused by the contraction of the heart