Philippine History Reviewer - Concepts, Methodology, and National Symbols

Flashcards testing terminology, concepts, criteria, and historical figures from the Philippine History lecture notes.

Traditional Understanding of History

The study of the past and chronological record of significant events, often including an explanation of their causes.

Historia

Greek word meaning 'Knowledge acquired through inquiry or investigation,' which forms the basis of the modern understanding of history.

Pantayong Pananaw

A historical perspective introduced by Zeus Salazar in 1974.

Pre-History

The historical period where no written records exist or when the writings of people were not preserved, analyzed through fossils and artifacts by archaeologists and anthropologists.

History (Period)

The historical period when man started to write and record events using a system of writing, analyzed through wood carves, engraved metals, written papyrus, and written papers.

Historiography

The writing of history based on the critical examination of sources, selection of particular details from authentic materials, and the synthesis of those details into a narrative.

Salazar's Definition of History

"Ang kasaysayan ay SALAYSAY na may SAYSAY sa SINASALAYSAYANG SALINGLAHI."

Primary Sources

Contemporary accounts produced at the same time as the event being studied, created by a witness or participant. Examples include diaries, letters, interviews, photographs, and newspapers.

Written Primary Sources

Textual records created at the time of an event.

Unwritten Sources

Sources providing direct evidence through physical objects, visuals, audio, or spoken testimony rather than written text.

Secondary Sources

Sources produced by authors who used and interpreted primary sources to analyze a scholarly question, including books, theses, dissertations, journals, and magazines written years after the event.

6 Points of Inquiries (Garraghan, 1950)

A framework to evaluate primary sources consisting of Date, Localization, Authorship, Analysis, Integrity, and Credibility.

Original Source

The earliest, unpolished source containing fresh and creative ideas that has not been translated from language to language.

External Criticism

Verification of authenticity by examining physical characteristics, materials used, and consistency with historical characteristics of the period when the source was produced.

Internal Criticism

The process of looking at the truthfulness, factuality, content, context, and author's agenda behind the creation of a source.

7 Factors of Internal Criticism (Howell & Prevenier, 2001)

Evaluation criteria including Genealogy, Genesis, Originality, Interpretation, Authorial authority, Competence of the observer, and Trustworthiness of the observer.

Julian Felipe

A revolutionist and self-taught church musician who composed the music for the Philippine national anthem, as well as musical pieces like Reina de Cavite and Amorita Danza.

Jose Palma

A KKK member and revolutionist who wrote the poem Filipinas (Spanish lyrics to the Philippine national anthem) and verses titled La Cruz de Sampaguitas.

Fernando Ma. Guerrero

A poet who, along with other staffers of La Independencia, helped Jose Palma set the words to the Marcha Filipina.

National Anthem Musical Alterations (1920s)

Changes made to Julian Felipe's original composition to make it easier to sing, shifting the key from C to G major and time signature from 2/4 to 4/4.

Presidential Proclamation No. 60

Proclamation issued on December 19, 1963, which, along with the Flag Law, made the Filipino version of the Philippine national anthem official.

Julio Nakpil

Composer who penned Marangal na Dalit ng Katagalugan (Salve Patria) intended for the Katipunan, and recreated its arrangement from memory as Salve, Filipinas after the original sheet was destroyed in the 1945 Battle of Manila.

Marangal na Dalit ng Katagalugan

Hymn composed by Julio Nakpil, intended as the national anthem of Andrés Bonifacio's Republika ng Katagalugan.

Escuela Pía de Manila

A charity school run by the city government established in 1803 that later became the Ateneo de Manila.