QD

What is alignment in handwriting identification?

The relation of parts of the whole writing or line of individual letters in words to the baseline.

What are angular forms in handwriting?

Sharp, straight strokes made by stopping the pen and changing direction before continuing.

What are arcade forms in handwriting?

Forms that look like arches, rounded on top and open at the bottom.

What are characteristics in document examination?

Properties which distinguish a document, commonly called identifying details.

What does collation mean in handwriting analysis?

Side by side comparison for critical examination.

What is the act of comparison in handwriting analysis?

Setting two or more items side by side to weigh their identifying qualities.

What is disguised writing?

Handwriting altered by the writer to conceal their identity.

Define downstroke in handwriting.

The movement of writing towards the writer.

What is meant by form in handwriting?

The writer's chosen writing style.

What are garland forms in handwriting?

Cup-like connected forms that are open at the top and rounded at the bottom.

What does gestalt mean in handwriting analysis?

A term meaning 'complete' or 'whole', focusing on handwriting as a whole picture.

What is graphoanalysis?

The study of handwriting based on two fundamental strokes: curve and straight strokes.

Define graphometry.

Analysis by comparison and measurement.

What is graphology?

The art of determining character disposition from handwriting; also scientific study of handwriting.

What is hand lettering?

A disconnected style of writing where each letter is written separately.

What is letter space?

The amount of space left between letters.

What does line direction refer to?

The movement of the baseline; may slant up, down, or straight across the page.

Define line quality in handwriting.

The overall character of ink lines from beginning to ending stroke.

What is line space?

The space left between lines of writing.

What is manuscript writing?

A disconnected form of script or semi-script writing, taught to children as a first step in writing.

What are margins in handwriting?

The amount of space left around the writing on all four sides.

What is microscopic examination in handwriting analysis?

An examination made with a microscope to discover minute details.

What does movement refer to in handwriting?

Factors related to the motion of the writing instrument, including skill, speed, and rhythm.

What is natural handwriting?

Writing executed normally without altering its identifying habits.

What are natural variations in handwriting?

Normal deviations found between repeated specimens of an individual's handwriting.

What is pen emphasis?

Intermittently forcing the pen against the surface to produce shading.

Define pen hold.

The place where the writer grasps the barrel of the pen and the angle at which it is held.

What does pen position refer to?

The relationship between the pen point and the paper.

What is pen pressure?

The average force with which the pen contacts the paper.

What is printscript?

A creative combination of printing and cursive writing.

What does proportion or ratio refer to in handwriting?

The relation between tall and short letters.

What is quality in handwriting characteristics?

A distinct or peculiar character that is the identifying factor related to the writer's movement.

What does rhythm refer to in writing?

The element of movement marked by regular or periodic resources.

Define shading in handwriting.

The widening of ink strokes due to added pressure on the pen.

What are significant writing habits?

Characteristics of handwriting that are uncommon and fixed enough to serve in identification.

What is simplification?

Eliminating extra strokes from the copybook model.

Define size as a characteristic of handwriting.

The overall size of writing or the proportions between zones.

What does skill in handwriting refer to?

The relative degree of ability or proficiency evidenced in handwriting.

What are slope and slant in handwriting?

The angle of letters relative to the baseline, categorized as left, right, or vertical slant.

What is the speed of writing?

The personal pace at which a writer's pen moves across the paper.

What is wrong-handed writing?

Writing executed with the opposite hand normally used; can be a means of disguise.

What does writing impulse refer to?

The pen touching down on paper and moving across until it is raised.

Define connecting strokes.

Strokes that link letters, commonly seen in signatures.

What are initial and terminal strokes?

The strokes at the beginning and end of letters or words that taper to 'vanishing points'.

What does pen lift mean in handwriting?

An interruption in a stroke caused by removing the pen from the paper.

What is a hiatus in handwriting?

A gap between strokes due to writing speed and defective instruments.

Define lateral spacing in handwriting.

Spacing characteristic conforming to ordinary copybook form.

What does line quality refer to?

The visible record of written strokes and the holding manner of the writing instrument.

What is alignment in relation to handwriting?

The relation of parts of a whole line to the baseline.

Define rhythm in writing terms.

The balanced quality of the movement, marked by harmonious recurrence.

What is pen pressure in handwriting identification?

The average force of pen contact with paper.

What are tremors in handwriting?

Deviations from uniform strokes due to lack of smoothness.

What are natural variations in handwriting characterized by?

Variations caused by external factors and the writer's physical and mental condition.

Define rubric or embellishment in handwriting.

Unnecessary strokes for decorative purposes not essential for letter legibility.