DNA & Genes

Allele

Allele

Different versions of the same gene

Example of an Allele

An organism gets two versions of an allele one from each parent.

AT , GC

Accocyrm for base pairs

Adenine pair

Thymine

Guanine pair

Cytosine

Anaphase

When the chromosomes separate

Prophase

When the chromosones condense

Metaphase

When the nucleus dissolves and chromosomes line up at the middle

Telophase

The stage where two new nuclei form

Cell cycle

The repeated process of cell growth and division

Cell division

The splitting of a cell to form new cells

Chromosones

A DNA molecule that condenses during cell division

Crossing Over

The swapping of genes between chromosomes in a homologous pair which creates individuality

DNA

A molecule that hold genetic infomation

Homologous pair

Two chromosomes that contain versions of the same genes

Meiosis

Type of cell division that produces gametes

Meiosis Prophase 1

Chromosomes condense

Meiosis Metaphase 1

Chromosomes line up in pairs

Meiosis Anaphase 1

Fiber Spindles pull chromosomes away

Meiosis Telophase 1

Two New Nuclei form

Meiosis Prophase 2

Chromosomes condense

Meiosis Metaphase 2

Chromosomes line up in single file

Meiosis Telophase 2

Two new nuclei form, producing 4 daughter cells

After meiosis 1

23 chromosones and double stranded

After Meiosis 2

23 chromosomes and single stranded

Mitosis Goal

To create identical cells to grow and repair the body

Dominant trait

A feature that appears when at least one allele is present

Recessive Trait

A version of a gene that is only expressed when two copies are present

Phenotype

Traits that are observable in an organism

Genotype

Set of genes that determine phenotype

Homozygous

Two alleles for a particular trait that are the same

Heterozygous

Two alleles for a particular trait that are different

Diploid

A cell with two of each type of chromosome

Pedigree

A family tree that shows how a trait is passed down through generations

Mutation

A permanent change in the sequence of bases that make up a gene

Simple Inheritance

When the appearance of a trait is controlled by a single gene

Amino Acids

Small Molecule that joins to make proteins

Proteins

Made up of Amino acids and creates cells

Cells

Group together to make tissues

Generation

Members of a family that are born and live at about the same time

Gene

A unit of genetic information

Base

Part of a DNA Molecule that comes in 4 types

Homologous pair

Two chromosomes that contain versions of the same genes

Double Helix

A structure consisting of two chains twisted around each other

Amino Acid

A small molecule that joins to make proteins