DNA & Genes
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45 Terms
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Allele
Different versions of the same gene
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Example of an Allele
An organism gets two versions of an allele one from each parent.
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AT , GC
Accocyrm for base pairs
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Adenine pair
Thymine
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Guanine pair
Cytosine
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Anaphase
When the chromosomes separate
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Prophase
When the chromosones condense
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Metaphase
When the nucleus dissolves and chromosomes line up at the middle
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Telophase
The stage where two new nuclei form
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Cell cycle
The repeated process of cell growth and division
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Cell division
The splitting of a cell to form new cells
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Chromosones
A DNA molecule that condenses during cell division
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Crossing Over
The swapping of genes between chromosomes in a homologous pair which creates individuality
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DNA
A molecule that hold genetic infomation
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Homologous pair
Two chromosomes that contain versions of the same genes
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Meiosis
Type of cell division that produces gametes
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Meiosis **Prophase** 1
Chromosomes condense
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Meiosis **Metaphase** 1
Chromosomes line up in **pairs**
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Meiosis **Anaphase** 1
Fiber Spindles pull chromosomes away
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Meiosis Telophase 1
**Two** New Nuclei form
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Meiosis **Prophase** 2
Chromosomes condense
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Meiosis **Metaphase** 2
Chromosomes line up in single file
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Meiosis **Telophase** 2
Two new nuclei form, producing 4 daughter cells
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After meiosis 1
23 chromosones and double stranded
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After Meiosis 2
23 chromosomes and single stranded
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Mitosis Goal
To create identical cells to grow and repair the body
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Dominant trait
A feature that appears when at least one allele is present
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Recessive Trait
A version of a gene that is only expressed when two copies are present
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Phenotype
Traits that are observable in an organism
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Genotype
Set of genes that determine phenotype
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Homozygous
Two alleles for a particular trait that are the same
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Heterozygous
Two alleles for a particular trait that are different
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Diploid
A cell with two of each type of chromosome
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Pedigree
A family tree that shows how a trait is passed down through generations
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Mutation
A permanent change in the sequence of bases that make up a gene
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Simple Inheritance
When the appearance of a trait is controlled by a single gene
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Amino Acids
Small Molecule that joins to make proteins
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Proteins
Made up of Amino acids and creates cells
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Cells
Group together to make tissues
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Generation
Members of a family that are born and live at about the same time
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Gene
A unit of genetic information
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Base
Part of a DNA Molecule that comes in 4 types
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Homologous pair
Two chromosomes that contain versions of the same genes
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Double Helix
A structure consisting of two chains twisted around each other
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Amino Acid
A small molecule that joins to make proteins