Personality Research

Collectivism

________: fosters interdependence /group success, adherence to norms, respect for elders, hierarchical roles, shared property.

Personality

________ can be found in the conscious and nonconscious decisions of an individual.

Rozin

________ was juxtaposing evolutionary approaches (which tend to consider how humans have evolved as a species) with cultural approaches (which tend to examine culture as a driving force in shaping how humans think, feel, and behave)

Refinement

________ of statistical methodology to address cross- cultural conceptual linguistic, and measurement equivalence issues.

self regulation

Social ________ (honest, kind, generous) and dynamism (active, brave, bold) were the two universal dimensions of description.

ETIC

Culture, whether from an EMIC or ________ view, influences human personality and can dictate an individuals behavior within their culture and within general society.

Culture

________ is constantly changing in response to current events, trends, discoveries, and transitions.

Multicultural

________: idea that an individual can express variance within a culture.

contextualism

Additionally, ________ was associated with ingroup favoritism and differentiated trust.

Refinement

________ of the concept of personality and its ability to predict behavior across situations.

Culture

________ will not shift without human behavioral input and human behavior will not shift without cultural input.

Note 1

I (Bryan) tracked down the original source of the opening quote that is attributed to Rozin (2003)

Note 3

The authors make reference toward the end of the Chapter to "Multi-level modeling and latent-class techniques"

Five Factor Model

Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, Openness to Experience

Individualism

fosters independence / individual achievement, self-expression, egalitarian relations, private property, individual ownership

Collectivism

fosters interdependence / group success, adherence to norms, respect for elders, hierarchical roles, shared property

Multicultural

idea that an individual can express variance within a culture

r = .3 <

- variation w/in a sample

Cultural Psychology Approach

culture shapes personality directly and cannot be separated from other forces

Cross-Cultural Psychology Approach

personality is measurable and comparable across cultures but is expressed by a culturally ingrained response

Look back to your answer to 6, and then consider

Where can personality be found

Deterministic

idea that something will 100% happen

Probabilistic

idea that something may happen

Refinement of Personality Def., Acceptance of FFM, Emergence of I-C, Multicultural Movement, Refinement of Statistic Methodology, Internationalization

6 Factors That Lead to Resurgence in Personality Research

EMIC

Cultural Psychology reflects what kind of view?

ETIC

Cross Cultural Psychology reflects what kind of view?

Increase of International Data, Non-self Reports, Use of Sophisticated Statistics, Use of Anchoring Vignette Ratings, Naturalistic Archives

5 Methodological Developments

Similarities in the structure of personality that are demonstrated (extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness) but differences in how those structures are described.

What conclusions have been drawn from cross-cultural research?

Collectivist nations endorse contextualist ideologies more than individualist nations.

What conclusions have been drawn from cultural research?