Unit 9 Vocabulary: Attitudes to Language & Information Theory

91 vocabulary flashcards drawn from the lecture notes on Attitudes to Language and Information Theory.

systematic (a)

có hệ thống

objective (a)

khách quan

deteriorate (v)

trở nên tồi tệ hơn / làm suy thoái

invective (n)

lời công kích / lời chửi rủa

polemic (n)

cuộc tranh luận gay gắt

linguistic (a)

thuộc ngôn ngữ

debate (n)

cuộc tranh luận

usage (n)

cách sử dụng (ngôn ngữ)

policy (n)

chính sách

criticize (v)

chỉ trích

social status (n)

địa vị xã hội

standard (n)

tiêu chuẩn

aptitude (n)

năng khiếu / năng lực

inherently (adv)

vốn dĩ / một cách cố hữu

impose (v)

áp đặt

propound (v)

đề xuất / đưa ra (ý tưởng)

account (n)

bản mô tả / quan điểm

literature (n)

văn học, tài liệu đọc

adherents (n)

người ủng hộ

deviations (n)

sự lệch chuẩn / khác biệt

prescriptively (adv)

một cách quy định / theo luật định

threefold (a)

gồm ba phần

codify

mã hóa / hệ thống hóa

principle

n. a fundamental truth serving as the foundation for belief or behavior

beneath

prep. directly under; at a lower level than

apparent

adj. clearly visible or understood; obvious

chaos

n. complete disorder and confusion

settle

v. to resolve or reach agreement about

disputes

n. disagreements or arguments

authoritarian

adj. favoring strict obedience to authority at the expense of personal freedom

half-measures

n. actions that are not decisive or thorough

alternative

n. one of two or more possible choices

pronounce

v. to make the sound of a word; to declare officially

halt

v. to stop or cause to stop

advocate

n. a person who publicly supports a cause

legislation

n. laws considered collectively

tenet

n. a core principle or belief

opposition

n. resistance or dissent

valid

adj. logically sound; well-founded

triumph

n. a great victory or achievement

strip

v. to remove coverings or layers from

transmit

v. to send or convey from one place to another

compression

n. the act of pressing or reducing size; in data, size reduction

switchover

n. a change from one system or method to another

space probe

n. an unmanned spacecraft that explores space

launch

v. to send a rocket or spacecraft into motion

soar

v. to fly or rise high in the air

exposure

n. the state of being subjected to something

sensors

n. devices that detect or measure physical properties

circuits

n. complete paths through which electric current flows

on the brink of

phr. very close to; on the verge of

spare

n. an item kept in reserve for future use

incredibly

adv. in an extremely or hard-to-believe manner

faint

adj. weak, dim, or barely perceptible

highlight

v. to emphasize or make prominent

astonishing

adj. extremely surprising or impressive

gadget

n. a small, useful electronic or mechanical device

foundation

n. the underlying base or groundwork of something

shunned

v. deliberately avoided or rejected

acclaim

n. enthusiastic public praise

inveigle

v. to persuade by deception or flattery

a host of

n. a large number of

satellite

n. an artificial object orbiting a planet for communication or data

convey

v. to transport or communicate

down-to-earth

adj. practical and realistic

prestigious

adj. having high status; respected

pin down

v. to define or identify precisely

guarantee

v. to provide a formal assurance or promise

interference

n. disturbance that affects a signal or system

intact

adj. undamaged; whole

vague

adj. not clearly expressed; indefinite

genuine

adj. authentic; real

generalize

v. to draw a broad conclusion from specific cases

theorem

n. a statement proven on the basis of established facts

error-free

adj. without mistakes

bandwidth

n. the capacity for data transmission in a communication system

ravage

n. severe damage or destruction

devise

v. to invent or plan by careful thought

crucial

adj. extremely important; decisive

feat

n. an achievement requiring skill or courage

stunningly

adv. in an extremely impressive or attractive way

bar code

n. a machine-readable series of lines representing data

check-out

adj. relating to paying for goods at a store’s point of sale

crumpled

adj. crushed into folds or wrinkles

reliably

adv. in a consistently dependable manner

lay

v. to put or place something down carefully

superfluous

adj. unnecessary; more than enough

redundant

adj. no longer needed; excessive

leave out

v. to omit or exclude

ambiguous

adj. open to more than one interpretation; unclear

cram

v. to fill or pack tightly; to study intensively in a short time