LE1 Mock

Question 1 Which carpal bone lies at the center of the wrist and forms an axis for hand movement? A. Scaphoid. B. Lunate C. Triquetrum. D. The capitate.

D. The capitate.

Question 2 Which term or structure is described as: Superior capsular ligament extending from coracoid root to greater tuberosity. A. Coracohumeral ligament B. Posterior longitudinal ligament C. Interspinous ligament D. Interclavicular ligament

A. Coracohumeral ligament

Question 3 What artery is endangered in a supracondylar humeral fracture? A. Anterior interosseous artery. B. The brachial artery. C. Thoracoacromial artery. D. Axillary artery.

B. The brachial artery.

Question 4 Which term or structure is described as: A joint allowing wide movement; the lecture gives the shoulder joint as an example. A. Freely movable joint B. Medial rotation C. Adduction D. Flexion

A. Freely movable joint

Question 5 Which term or structure is described as: From medial to lateral: median nerve, brachial artery bifurcation, biceps tendon, and radial nerve/deep branch. A. Cubital fossa contents B. Musculocutaneous nerve C. Posterior interosseous nerve D. Median nerve

A. Cubital fossa contents

Question 6 All of the following support the acromioclavicular joint EXCEPT: A. Transverse humeral ligament B. Conoid ligament C. Acromioclavicular ligament D. Trapezoid ligament

A. Transverse humeral ligament

Question 7 All of the following are articulations participating in the elbow region EXCEPT: A. Capitulum with radial head B. Ulnar head with ulnar notch of radius C. Trochlea with trochlear notch D. Radial head with radial notch of ulna

B. Ulnar head with ulnar notch of radius

Question 8 All of the following belong to the axial skeleton EXCEPT: A. Thoracic cage B. Vertebral column C. Clavicle D. Skull

C. Clavicle

Question 9 What nerve injury is associated with a winged scapula in the lecture? A. Axillary nerve. B. Radial nerve. C. Long thoracic nerve injury. D. Lower subscapular nerve.

C. Long thoracic nerve injury.

Question 10 Which nerve and vessel should be assessed after a supracondylar humeral fracture? A. The median nerve and brachial artery. B. The radial nerve and profunda brachii artery. C. The axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery. D. The ulnar nerve and superior ulnar collateral artery.

A. The median nerve and brachial artery.

Question 11 Which term or structure is described as: Head of ulna with ulnar notch of radius; synovial pivot joint. A. Inferior radioulnar joint B. Elbow joint C. Wrist or radiocarpal joint D. Superior radioulnar joint

A. Inferior radioulnar joint

Question 12 Which term or structure is described as: From the upper eight ribs to the medial border and inferior angle of the scapula. A. Rhomboid minor B. Deltoid C. Latissimus dorsi D. Serratus anterior

D. Serratus anterior

Question 13 All of the following are inferior-surface landmarks of the clavicle EXCEPT: A. Subclavian groove B. Conoid tubercle C. Trapezoid line D. Olecranon fossa

D. Olecranon fossa

Question 14 Which term or structure is described as: Intrinsic hand muscles remembered by PAD. A. Palmaris longus B. Extensor digitorum C. Palmar interossei D. Anconeus

C. Palmar interossei

Question 15 Which carpal bone is the most commonly fractured? A. Pisiform. B. Lunate. C. The scaphoid. D. Hamate.

C. The scaphoid.

Question 16 Which border of the scapula lies closest to the vertebral column? A. Spine of scapula. B. Coracoid process. C. The medial border. D. Infraspinous fossa.

C. The medial border.

Question 17 Which structures pass beneath the flexor retinaculum in the carpal tunnel according to the official lecture? A. Four FDS tendons, four FDP tendons, one FPL tendon, and the median nerve B. EPL, EPB, APL, and radial nerve C. Palmaris longus tendon and ulnar artery only D. Four FDS tendons, four FDP tendons, FCU tendon, and ulnar nerve

A. Four FDS tendons, four FDP tendons, one FPL tendon, and the median nerve

Question 18 Which nerve branches should be expected to supply the deep intrinsic back muscles? A. Latissimus dorsi. B. Supraspinatus. C. Dorsal primary rami. D. Pronator teres.

C. Dorsal primary rami.

Question 19 Which of the following correctly describes Shoulder separation? A. Acromioclavicular dislocation with coracoclavicular ligament injury. B. Pathological fracture. C. Greenstick fracture. D. Erosive osteoarthritis.

A. Acromioclavicular dislocation with coracoclavicular ligament injury.

Question 20 Which term or structure is described as: From upper two thirds of lateral border of scapula to greater tuberosity and shoulder capsule. A. Supraspinatus B. Teres minor C. Trapezius D. Subclavius

B. Teres minor

Question 21 A patient has wrist drop after compression of the posterior arm. Which nerve is most likely injured? A. Median nerve B. Musculocutaneous nerve C. Radial nerve D. Ulnar nerve

C. Radial nerve

Question 22 What nerve is listed as a major risk in a supracondylar humeral fracture? A. Axillary nerve. B. The median nerve. C. Radial nerve. D. Ulnar nerve.

B. The median nerve.

Question 23 Which muscle forms the floor of the lumbar triangle? A. Internal oblique. B. Supinator. C. Teres major. D. Flexor digitorum superficialis.

A. Internal oblique.

Question 24 Which term or structure is described as: Forward movement, as of the mandible or scapula. A. Lateral rotation B. Protraction C. Abduction D. Flexion

B. Protraction

Question 25 Which scapular landmark articulates with the clavicle? A. Lateral border. B. The acromion. C. Superior angle. D. Inferior angle.

B. The acromion.

Question 26 All of the following are in the superficial layer of the anterior forearm in the official lecture EXCEPT: A. Flexor carpi radialis B. Flexor digitorum profundus C. Flexor carpi ulnaris D. Pronator teres

B. Flexor digitorum profundus

Question 27 Which term or structure is described as: Muscle acting strongly at the glenohumeral joint and inserted at the deltoid tuberosity. A. Deltoid B. Subscapularis C. Pectoralis major D. Teres major

A. Deltoid

Question 28 What nerve is at risk in a fracture of the medial epicondyle? A. Axillary nerve. B. Medial pectoral nerve. C. Anterior interosseous nerve. D. The ulnar nerve.

D. The ulnar nerve.

Question 29 Which term or structure is described as: Collar around radial head at proximal radioulnar joint. A. Annular ligament B. Radial collateral ligament C. Palmar radiocarpal ligament D. Intertransverse ligament

A. Annular ligament

Question 30 Which term or structure is described as: Connects laminae of adjacent vertebrae. A. Ligamentum flavum B. Dorsal radiocarpal ligament C. Costoclavicular ligament D. Palmar radiocarpal ligament

A. Ligamentum flavum

Question 31 Which ligament retains the long-head biceps tendon in the intertubercular groove? A. Radial collateral ligament. B. The transverse humeral ligament. C. Anterior longitudinal ligament. D. Interclavicular ligament.

B. The transverse humeral ligament.

Question 32 Which term or structure is described as: Axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral vessels. A. Ulnar nerve B. Anterior interosseous nerve C. Posterior interosseous nerve D. Contents of the quadrangular space

D. Contents of the quadrangular space

Question 33 All of the following are landmarks of the scapula EXCEPT: A. Glenoid cavity B. Coracoid process C. Lesser tubercle D. Acromion

C. Lesser tubercle

Question 34 Which two bones form the skeleton of the forearm? A. The radius. B. The radius and ulna. C. The ulna. D. The carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges.

B. The radius and ulna.

Question 35 Which term or structure is described as: From lateral epicondyle to base of third metacarpal. A. Extensor pollicis longus B. Flexor carpi ulnaris C. Extensor carpi radialis brevis D. Extensor pollicis brevis

C. Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Question 36 Which term or structure is described as: From medial epicondyle and coronoid region to lateral shaft of radius. A. Extensor carpi radialis longus B. Semispinalis C. Pronator teres D. Rotatores

C. Pronator teres

Question 37 Which term or structure is described as: From subscapular fossa to lesser tuberosity of humerus. A. Rhomboid major B. Rhomboid minor C. Subscapularis D. Infraspinatus

C. Subscapularis

Question 38 Which term or structure is described as: From anteromedial ulna to distal phalanges of medial four fingers. A. Palmaris longus B. Flexor digitorum superficialis C. Supinator D. Flexor digitorum profundus

D. Flexor digitorum profundus

Question 39 Which relationship is CORRECT for the axillary artery? A. Its first part gives the subscapular artery B. It ends at the lateral border of the first rib C. It begins at the inferior border of teres major D. Pectoralis minor divides it into three parts

D. Pectoralis minor divides it into three parts

Question 40 Which term or structure is described as: Provides framework and support, protection, and storage and includes the axial and appendicular skeleton, bones, joints, and ligaments. A. Digestive system B. Skeletal system C. Endocrine system D. Circulatory system

B. Skeletal system

Question 41 Which term or structure is described as: Angle between humerus and ulna in anatomical position; it opens laterally. A. Brachialis B. Triangular interval C. Carrying angle D. Trochlear notch

C. Carrying angle

Question 42 Which term or structure is described as: Trapezius, latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, and rhomboids; connected with shoulder girdle and control limb movements. A. Transversospinalis B. Splenius group C. Superficial extrinsic back muscles D. Intermediate extrinsic back muscles

C. Superficial extrinsic back muscles

Question 43 A joint specimen shows the trochlea and capitulum articulating with ulna and radial head. Identify the joint. A. Sternoclavicular joint. B. Metacarpophalangeal joint. C. Elbow joint. D. Glenohumeral joint.

C. Elbow joint.

Question 44 All of the following are characteristic of typical cervical vertebrae EXCEPT: A. Costal facets on the body for rib heads B. Small broad body C. Usually bifid spinous process D. Large triangular vertebral foramen

A. Costal facets on the body for rib heads

Question 45 Which term or structure is described as: Bands from metacarpal head to base of phalanx; taut in flexion and lax in extension. A. Pisiform B. Triquetrum C. Scaphoid D. Collateral ligaments of MCP joints

D. Collateral ligaments of MCP joints

Question 46 What is the nerve supply of Flexor digitorum superficialis? A. Anterior interosseous nerve. B. Radial nerve. C. Median nerve. D. Suprascapular nerve.

C. Median nerve.

Question 47 All of the following are anterior axioappendicular muscles EXCEPT: A. Pectoralis major B. Serratus anterior C. Pectoralis minor D. Trapezius

D. Trapezius

Question 48 Which term or structure is described as: Extensor digitorum, extensor indicis, extensor digiti minimi, with thumb extensors for the thumb. A. First carpometacarpal joint B. Wrist extension C. Wrist adduction D. MCP extension

D. MCP extension

Question 49 Which feature contributes most directly to the intrinsic instability of the glenohumeral joint in the official lecture? A. Rigid fibrous union of humerus and scapula B. Deep acetabulum-like glenoid socket C. Shallow glenoid fossa with relatively weak ligamentous support D. Absence of a joint capsule

C. Shallow glenoid fossa with relatively weak ligamentous support

Question 50 Which of the following organ-system relationships is NOT correct according to the official Human Body Systems lecture? A. Nervous system — controls and coordinates body functions B. Endocrine system — ductless glands produce hormones C. Excretory system — only the kidneys participate in excretion D. Respiratory system — gas exchange with the environment

C. Excretory system — only the kidneys participate in excretion

Question 51 All of the following belong to the transversospinalis group EXCEPT: A. Semispinalis B. Longissimus C. Rotatores D. Multifidus

B. Longissimus

Question 52 All of the following belong to the appendicular skeleton EXCEPT: A. Pectoral girdle B. Upper limb C. Vertebral column D. Pelvic girdle

C. Vertebral column

Question 53 A 58-year-old woman falls on an outstretched hand. Radiographs show a transverse fracture of the distal radius with dorsal displacement. Which diagnosis is most likely? A. Colles fracture B. Smith fracture C. Galeazzi fracture-dislocation D. Monteggia fracture-dislocation

A. Colles fracture

Question 54 What passes through the intervertebral foramina? A. The vertebral canal. B. Spinal nerves and accompanying vessels. C. Cervical vertebrae. D. The sacral canal.

B. Spinal nerves and accompanying vessels.

Question 55 Which term or structure is described as: Trochlea/capitulum of humerus with trochlear notch of ulna and radial head; synovial hinge joint. A. Glenohumeral joint B. Elbow joint C. First carpometacarpal joint D. Humeroradial joint

B. Elbow joint

Question 56 Which upper cervical joints permit extensive rotation of the head? A. Atlantoaxial joints. B. Thoracic vertebrae. C. Atlanto-occipital joints. D. Rotation.

A. Atlantoaxial joints.

Question 57 On an AP humerus radiograph, which distal articular surface should appear lateral? A. Head of humerus. B. Deltoid tuberosity. C. Coronoid fossa. D. The capitulum.

D. The capitulum.

Question 58 Which nerve branches form the limb plexuses rather than primarily innervating deep back muscles? A. Ventral primary rami. B. Multifidus. C. Coracobrachialis. D. Flexor carpi radialis.

A. Ventral primary rami.

Question 59 Which term or structure is described as: Movement toward the midline. A. Retraction B. Supination C. Adduction D. Circumduction

C. Adduction

Question 60 What is the nerve supply of Infraspinatus? A. Lateral pectoral nerve. B. Nerve to subclavius. C. Posterior interosseous nerve. D. Suprascapular nerve.

D. Suprascapular nerve.

Question 61 All of the following muscles contribute to lateral rotation of the arm EXCEPT: A. Subscapularis B. Teres minor C. Posterior fibers of deltoid D. Infraspinatus

A. Subscapularis

Question 62 Which term or structure is described as: A joint that permits essentially no movement; the lecture gives skull sutures as an example. A. Opposition B. Adduction C. Immovable joint D. Medial rotation

C. Immovable joint

Question 63 Which term or structure is described as: Palmar interossei: PAD. A. MCP flexion B. MCP adduction C. MCP abduction D. Palmar ligaments of MCP joints

B. MCP adduction

Question 64 Which carpal bone articulates more medially with the radius? A. Trapezoid. B. Hamate. C. Capitate. D. The lunate.

D. The lunate.

Question 65 Which term or structure is described as: Characteristic cervical opening transmitting vertebral artery except at C7, plus vertebral veins and autonomic nerves. A. Posterior interosseous nerve B. Anterior interosseous nerve C. Ulnar nerve D. Transverse foramen

D. Transverse foramen

Question 66 Which carpal is related to the fourth and fifth metacarpals on the ulnar side? A. Trapezoid. B. Lunate. C. The hamate. D. Scaphoid.

C. The hamate.

Question 67 Which term or structure is described as: Triangular ligament from medial epicondyle to coronoid and olecranon; closely related to ulnar nerve. A. Radial nerve B. Medial collateral ligament of elbow C. Axillary nerve D. Long thoracic nerve

B. Medial collateral ligament of elbow

Question 68 A patient fractures the surgical neck of the humerus. Which neurovascular pair is most endangered? A. Radial nerve and profunda brachii artery B. Median nerve and brachial artery C. Axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery D. Ulnar nerve and superior ulnar collateral artery

C. Axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery

Question 69 Which nerve runs in the radial groove? A. Nerve to subclavius. B. Ulnar nerve. C. Posterior interosseous nerve. D. The radial nerve.

D. The radial nerve.

Question 70 All of the following are classically associated with median-nerve pathology in the supplied reviewers EXCEPT: A. Carpal tunnel syndrome B. Pronator teres syndrome C. Wrist drop D. Hand of benediction

C. Wrist drop

Question 71 Which artery is the continuation of the axillary artery at the inferior border of teres major and divides in the cubital fossa? A. Profunda brachii artery B. Radial artery C. Ulnar artery D. Brachial artery

D. Brachial artery

Question 72 What additional imaging can detect bone contusions or subtle fractures not seen on radiographs? A. Ultrasound. B. Plain radiograph. C. CT. D. MRI.

D. MRI.

Question 73 What is the nerve supply of Rhomboid major? A. Ulnar nerve. B. Thoracodorsal nerve. C. Dorsal scapular nerve. D. Posterior interosseous nerve.

C. Dorsal scapular nerve.

Question 74 Choose the CORRECT relationship between movement and description. A. Supination — radius crosses anterior to ulna B. Pronation — radius rotates around ulna so the palm faces posteriorly in anatomical position C. Abduction — movement toward the median plane D. Flexion — increases the angle at a joint

B. Pronation — radius rotates around ulna so the palm faces posteriorly in anatomical position

Question 75 Which term or structure is described as: Movement in which the sole of the foot faces laterally. A. Retraction B. Eversion C. Extension D. Opposition

B. Eversion

Question 76 All of the following pass through the carpal tunnel beneath the flexor retinaculum EXCEPT: A. Flexor pollicis longus tendon B. Flexor digitorum superficialis tendons C. Palmaris longus tendon D. Flexor digitorum profundus tendons

C. Palmaris longus tendon

Question 77 Which term or structure is described as: Lumbricals and interossei, assisted by finger flexors. A. MCP adduction B. MCP flexion C. Wrist flexion D. MCP abduction

B. MCP flexion

Question 78 Which term or structure is described as: Ulnar notch articulating with trochlea of humerus. A. Trochlear notch B. Brachialis C. Radial notch of ulna D. Carrying angle

A. Trochlear notch

Question 79 Which term or structure is described as: Ligament protecting superior aspect of shoulder joint. A. Coracoacromial ligament B. Dorsal radiocarpal ligament C. Coracohumeral ligament D. Ulnar collateral ligament

A. Coracoacromial ligament

Question 80 On a lateral forearm radiograph, which end of the ulna is larger? A. The proximal ulna is large and the distal ulna is small. B. The distal end. C. No. A correct lateral forearm view requires both elbow and wrist to be lateral. D. The proximal end.

D. The proximal end.

Question 81 Which term or structure is described as: Movement produced mainly by pronator teres and pronator quadratus. A. Supination B. Protraction C. Pronation at radioulnar joints D. Medial rotation

C. Pronation at radioulnar joints

Question 82 All of the following are features of the proximal humerus EXCEPT: A. Greater tubercle B. Capitulum C. Head D. Lesser tubercle

B. Capitulum

Question 83 Which term or structure is described as: Superior and inferior ligaments that reinforce the acromioclavicular joint capsule. A. Posterior longitudinal ligament B. Acromioclavicular ligaments C. Costoclavicular ligament D. Interclavicular ligament

B. Acromioclavicular ligaments

Question 84 Which ligament forms a collar around the head of the radius? A. The annular ligament. B. Intertransverse ligament. C. Anterior longitudinal ligament. D. Posterior longitudinal ligament.

A. The annular ligament.

Question 85 Which term or structure is described as: From front of lower half of humerus to coronoid process of ulna. A. Anconeus B. Biceps brachii C. Triceps brachii D. Brachialis

D. Brachialis

Question 86 Which term or structure is described as: From lateral epicondyle to base of fifth metacarpal. A. Supinator B. Extensor carpi radialis brevis C. Flexor carpi ulnaris D. Extensor carpi ulnaris

D. Extensor carpi ulnaris

Question 87 Which term or structure is described as: Movement in which the sole of the foot faces medially. A. Flexion B. Circumduction C. Lateral rotation D. Inversion

D. Inversion

Question 88 All of the following belong to the superficial extrinsic back-muscle group EXCEPT: A. Latissimus dorsi B. Rhomboid major C. Multifidus D. Trapezius

C. Multifidus

Question 89 Which term or structure is described as: Strong ligament from first rib/costal cartilage junction to inferior surface of sternal end of clavicle. A. Interspinous ligament B. Dorsal radiocarpal ligament C. Palmar radiocarpal ligament D. Costoclavicular ligament

D. Costoclavicular ligament

Question 90 Which term or structure is described as: From ligamentum nuchae and spines of C7-T1 to medial border of scapula. A. Teres major B. Rhomboid minor C. Supraspinatus D. Pectoralis major

B. Rhomboid minor

Question 91 Which term or structure is described as: Forearm movement in which the palm faces anteriorly in anatomical position. A. Abduction B. Retraction C. Flexion D. Supination

D. Supination

Question 92 Which term or structure is described as: Movement produced mainly by biceps and supinator. A. Supination at radioulnar joints B. Pronation C. Retraction D. Medial rotation

A. Supination at radioulnar joints

Question 93 Which term or structure is described as: Brachioradialis laterally, pronator teres medially, and an imaginary line between humeral epicondyles as the base. A. Cubital fossa boundaries B. Triangular interval C. Quadrangular space D. Radial pulse at wrist

A. Cubital fossa boundaries

Question 94 Which term or structure is described as: From the first costal cartilage to the clavicle. A. Subclavius B. Thoracic outlet syndrome C. Trapezius D. Pectoralis major

A. Subclavius

Question 95 Which term or structure is described as: Ulnar nerve. A. Lower subscapular nerve B. Median nerve C. Nerve to subclavius D. Cubital tunnel nerve

D. Cubital tunnel nerve

Question 96 All of the following are intrinsic/deep back muscles or groups EXCEPT: A. Splenius B. Erector spinae C. Transversospinalis D. Serratus posterior superior

D. Serratus posterior superior

Question 97 A midshaft humeral fracture traverses the radial groove. Which relationship is most likely involved? A. Ulnar nerve with ulnar artery B. Axillary nerve with posterior circumflex humeral artery C. Median nerve with brachial artery D. Radial nerve with profunda brachii artery

D. Radial nerve with profunda brachii artery

Question 98 A hand has no radius, first metacarpal, or thumb on a childhood radiograph. What type of finding is this? A. Nursemaid's elbow. B. Torus (buckle) fracture. C. A congenital upper-limb deficiency involving missing bones. D. Insufficiency fracture.

C. A congenital upper-limb deficiency involving missing bones.

Question 99 Which of the following bone-classification relationships is CORRECT? A. Carpals — short bones B. Patella — long bone C. Scapula — irregular bone D. Vertebra — flat bone

A. Carpals — short bones

Question 100 On a scapula, which structure must face laterally? A. Spine of scapula. B. Subscapular fossa. C. Lateral border. D. The glenoid cavity.

D. The glenoid cavity.