Abnormal Psychology Ch 11

personality disorder

An enduring maladaptive pattern for relating to the environment and self, exhibited in a range of contexts that cause significant functional impairment or subjective distress.

cluster A personality disorders

Odd or eccentric personality disorders that resemble some of the psychotic symptoms seen in schizophrenia; includes paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders.

ideas of reference

Mistaken beliefs that meaningless events relate just to them that is often seen in people with paranoid or schizotypal personality disorders.

paranoid personality disorder

A cluster A, odd or eccentric, personality disorder involving a pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent.

schizoid personality disorder

A cluster A, odd or eccentric, personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions in interpersonal settings.

schizotypal personality disorder

A cluster A, odd or eccentric, personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort with reduced capacity for close relationships, as well as cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior.

cluster B personality disorders

Dramatic, emotional, or erratic personality disorders; includes antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic personality disorder.

antisocial personality disorder

A cluster B, dramatic, emotional, or erratic, personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others; DSM-5 emphsizes personality traits while earlier versions emphasized overt behaviors.

psychopathy

Earlier DSM diagnosis similar to antisocial personality disorder with less emphasis on overt behavior; indicators include superficial charm, lack of remorse, and other personality characteristics.

conduct disorder

Separate DSM-5 diagnosis similar to antisocial personality disorder for children who engage in behaviors that violate society's norms; subtypes include childhood-onset, adolescent-onset, and with a callous-unemotional presentation.

endophenotype

Underlying aspects of a disorder that might be more directly influenced by genes.

borderline personality disorder

A cluster B, dramatic, emotional, or erratic, personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, affect, and control over impulses; more common among women.

dialectical behavior therapy

A treatment for borderline personality disorder that involves exposing the client to stressors in a controlled situation, as well as helping the client regulate emotions and cope with stressors that might trigger suicidal behavior.

histrionic personality disorder

A cluster B, dramatic, emotional, or erratic, personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of excessive emotion and attention seeking; more common among women possibly due to gender bias.

narcissistic personality disorder

A cluster B, dramatic, emotional, or erratic, personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of grandiosity in fantasy or behavior, need for admiration, and lack of empathy.

cluster C personality disorders

Anxious or fearful personality disorders; includes avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.

avoidant personality disorder

A cluster C, anxious or fearful, personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to criticism.

dependent personality disorder

A cluster C, anxious or fearful, personality disorder involving a pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of, which leads to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation; more common among women.

obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

A cluster C, anxious or fearful, personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control, at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency.