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Deviance (Statistical rarity)
within the culture
Not always true- ie/ 16% of North Americas will experience major depression over their lifetime; different cultures have different behavioural norms
Personal Distress
emotional pain is experienced
Not always true-ie- individuals with psychopathic personality disorder unlikely to experience emotional pain
Maladaptive (dysfunction)
unable to manage daily tasks (ie/ go to school, work)
Where is the line? Ie- procrastination can lead to the ability to function effectively
Disorders with biological origins
Experiences, thoughts, emotions, personality
Social context – emphasizes the context & culture in which people grow up
Ie/ poverty, marginalized group etc
Interaction of biological, psychological and sociocultural factors
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
an anxiety disorder marked by persistent anxiety for at least six months, and in which the individual is unable to specify the reasons for the anxiety
Biological
maybe an oversensitive amygdala
Psychological
experienced trauma- learned to be anxious
Sociological
experience discrimination
Advantages DSM-V Classification System
Provides a common basis for communication
Helps clinicians make predictions
Naming the disorder can provide comfort
Disadvantages DSM-V Classification System
Stigma (shame, negative reputation)
Medical terminology implies internal cause and neglects environment
Focus on weaknesses, ignores strengths
A diagnosis is needed to get supports- can be challenging
stigma
refers to negative attitudes and negative behaviour toward people with substance use and mental health problems
fixed ideas/judegments, fearing and avoiding
stigma can lead to
believing what other people and the media say about them (self-stigma) →
have lower self-esteem because they feel guilt and shame→
keeping their problem a secret/avoid getting help
