Electrolyte and fluid imbalances

Name 6 electrolytes

sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, phosphate

Postive electrolytes

Cations: Magnesium, potassium, sodium, and calcium

Negative electrolytes

anions: phosphate, sulfate, chloride, bicarbonate

Range for sodium

136-145 mEq/L

Range for Calcium

9.0-10.5 mg/dL

Range for Potassium

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

Range for Magnesium

1.3-2.1 mEq/L

Range for chloride

98-106 mEq/L

Range for phosphorus

3-4.5

Hyponatremia

Blood sodium less than 136. Loss of sodium rich fluids or excess water. Slows depolarization. Causes swelling in brain and nervous system

How you would you expect someone with hypothermia to be

Hypothermic, tachycardia,rapid thready pulse,ortho static hypotension. Confused/headache, muscle weakness or seizures. Hyperactive bowels, nausea or vomiting.

Hypernatremia

high sodium of 145 or more. Water shifts out of cells leading to Hypertonic blood. Can cause neurological, cardiac and endocrine problems.

How you would expect someone with hypernatremia to have

Hyperthermia, tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension. Restless, disorientated, tired. Seizures and weakness. Thirsty, dry or red tongue. Edema, flushed, oliguria.

Hypokalemia

low potassium. Less than 3.5. Less potassium into cells.

How would you expect someone with hypokalemia to be.

Weak vitals. Irregular pulse. Hypotension. Respiratory distress. Bilateral muscle weakness. Respiratory paralysis. Cramping, confusion. Hyperactive bowels. Dissension, constipation. Or anxiety.

ECG for someone with hypokalemia.

Premature ventricle contraction. Bradycardia, blocks, ventricle tachycardia, flattening, ST depressions.

What to never do when administering IV potassium

Never IV bolus. (Cardiac arrest)

*you must dilute and administer slowly. Intermittent infusion.

Hyperkalemia

Blood potassium breather than 5. To much potassium. Can cause cardiac arrhythmias or arrest.

How would someone with hyperkalemia be?

Slow vitals. Irregular pulse. Hypotension. Irritable and confused. Lack or reflexes. Diarrhea, abdominal cramps. Hyperactive bowels.

What does ECG show for someone with hyperkalemia?

Peaked t waves. Widened PR and QRS. Dysrythmeias and a systole.

Hypocalcemia

Blood calcium less than 9. Digestive issues.

Someone with hypocalcemia may have vitamin d deficiency, diahreaa, Crohn's disease.

Expect what in Hypocalcemia??

Numbness or tingles in fingers or around mouth. Painful spasms, hyperactive DTR, positive choveteks or trousseaus. Weak ready pulses, seizures.

Hypercalcemia

Total blood calcium breather than 10.5. Not super common.

What to expect with hypercalcemia?

Decreased refluxes. Bone pain, dysrythmeias, clot risk, confusion, weak, calcium in urine.

Hypomagnesia

Blood magnesium less than 1.3

What to expect with hypomagnesia?

Hyperactive DTR, positive chvosteks an trousseaus, insomnia, constipated, hypoactive bowels. Tachycardia,dysrhythmias.

Hypermagnsemia

Blood magnesium greater than 2.1

Hypermagnesia findings.

Less DTRS

Paralysis

Shallow breathing less rate

Bradycardia and hypotension

Dysrhythmias or cardiac arrest.