HHD

Subjective

Health & Well being means different things to different people and is influenced by or based on different things such as personal beliefs, feelings and opinions. A number of things influence the way people view health and Well being including education, occupation, income and media.

Dynamic

A persons health and well being is always changing. This can be gradual or quick.

Health & Well being

Relates to a persons physical, mental, emotional, social and spiritual existence characterised in an equilibrium in which the individual feels happy, healthy, capable and engaged.

Illness

A subjective concept related to a persons own experience with a disease or injury. Can be influenced by the number or severity of disease/injury, past experiences, age, management strategies and support system.

Disease

A physical or mental disturbance involving symptoms of dysfunction and tissue damage. Can usually be diagnosed.

Physical Health & Well-being

Relates to the functioning of the body and its systems. Includes the physical capacity to perform daily tasks.

Characteristics of Health & Well-being (Physical)

• Physical fitness

• The functioning of the body and it’s systems

• Body weight

• The ability to complete daily tasks

• Energy levels

• Freedom from illness and disease.

• Strong immune system

Social Health & Well-being

Relates to the ability to form meaningful connections with others and the ability to manage or adapt appropriately to different social situations.

Characteristics of Health & Well-being (Social)

• Effective communication

• Productive relationships with others

• Supportive network of friends

• Supportive and well-functioning family

• Meaningful connection

Emotional Health & Well-being

Relates to the ability to express emotions and feelings in a positive way as well as the ability to display resilience.

Characteristics of Health & Well-being (Emotional)

• Effectively respond to and manage emotions

• Resilience

• Recognise and understanding the range of emotions

• Experiencing appropriate emotions in different scenarios

Mental Health & Well-being

The current state of mind and brain and it relates to the ability to think and process information.

Characteristics of Health & Well-being (Mental)

• Positive thoughts patterns

• Self-esteem

• Confidence

• Stress levels

Spiritual Health & Well-being

Relates to the ideas, beliefs, values and ethics that arise in the minds and conscience of human beings. It includes the concepts of hope, peace and a guiding sense of meaning and value.

Characteristics of Health & Well-being (Spiritual)

• Sense of Belonging

• Peace and Harmony

• Acting according to beliefs and values

• Meaning and purpose in life

Commenting on a dimension of H & W

(Meaningful Link)

1) Identify example of dimension
2) Connect to characteristic
3) State whether the impact is positive or negative

Health Status

An individuals or populations overall level of health taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factor.

Health Indicators

Standard statistics that re used to measure and compare health status.

Life expectancy

The amount of time a person is expected to live, it is the amount of years remaining to a person at a certain age if death ratios don’t change.

Health Adjusted Life Expectancy (HALE)

A measure of burden of disease at birth, but including an adjustment for time spent in poor health. It is the number of years of full health a person can expect to live, based on current rates of health and morbidity.

Burden of Disease

A measure of the impact of disease and injury specifically its measures the difference between the current health status and in ideal situation where everyone Ives to and old age free of disease and disability.

Mortality

Refers to death, especially at a population level.

Morbidity

Refers to ill health in an individual and levels of ill health in a population or group.

Infant Mortality Rate

The rate of deaths of infants between birth and their first birthday, usually expressed per 1000 live births.

Under 5 Mortality Rate

The number of deaths of children under 5 years of age per 1000 live births.

Maternal Mortality Rate

The number of mothers who die as a result of pregnancy or childbirth per 100,000 live births.

How is Burden of Disease Measured

DALY

What is DALY

Disability-adjusted life year = A measure of burden of disease. One DALY equals one year of healthy life lost to premature death and time lived with illness, disease or injury.

What is YLD

Years Lost due to Disability - A measure of how many healthy years of life are lost due to illness, injury or disability.

What is YLL

Years of Life Lost - A measure of how many years of expected life are lost due to premature death.

Self Assessed Health Status

A measure based on a person's own opinion about how they feel about there health and wellbeing, their state of mind and their life in general. It is commonly sourced from population survey.

Prevalence

The number of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time.

Incidence

The number of new cases of a disease/condition in a population within a given time period - usually 12 months

Prerequisites for Health ( Peace )

The absence of conflict

Prerequisite for Health (Shelter)

Provides protection from the outside environment

Prerequisite for Health (Education)

Education empowers individuals and increases their ability to earn an income and exhibit healthy behaviour.

Prerequisite for Health (Food)

The state in which all persons obtain nutritionally adequate, culturally appropriate, safe food regularly through local non-emergency sources referred to as food security.

Prerequisite for Health (Income)

Income increases the ability to afford resources such as healthcare, recreation, transport and education.

Prerequisite for Health

(A stable ecosystem)

A stable ecosystem is achieved when there is a balance between the environment and the species that live within the environment.