Chapter 7- Membrane Structure and Function

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32 Terms

1

what does selectively permeable mean

allows some materials to cross more easily, enables the cell to maintain a unique internal environment

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2

what does fluid mosaic mean

the phospholipid bilayer is always moving, with a mosaic of proteins floating in it

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3

tails of a phospholipid are ____ and the heads are ____

hydrophobic, hydrophilic

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4

cholesterol

acts as fluidity buffer in membrane, restricts phospholipid movement (reducing fluidity at warmer temps), prevents close packing of lipids (enhancing fluidity at colder temps)

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5

integral proteins (transmembrane proteins)

extend through membrane, have two hydrophilic ends and a hydrophobic midsection

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6

peripheral proteins

attached to membrane surface, attach to cytoskeleton and fibers of ECM, provide plasma membrane support

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7

6 major functions of membrane proteins

transport, enzymatic activity, signal transduction, cell to cell recognition, intracellular joining, attachment

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8

membrane carbohydrates

ability of a cell to distinguish other cells is based on recognition of membrane carbohydrates

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9

creation of membranes

protiens and lipids synthesized in the ER, modified in the Golgi, and transported to the membrane by vescicles

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10

which molecules can easily cross through selective permeability

hydrophobic, non polar molecules

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11

transport proteins

provide a passageway to help molecules through the cell, channel and carrier proteins

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12

channel proteins

provides a hydrophilic passageway through the membrane, aquaporins

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13

carrier proteins

physically bind and change shape to shuttle molecules across, glucose transporter

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14

diffusion

movement of a substance down its concentration gradient, form of passive transport

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15

concentration gradient

movement is from areas of high to low concentration

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16

osmosis

diffusion of free water across a selectively permeable membrane, affected by concentration of dissolved solutes

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17

tonicity

tendency of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water- affected by concentration of solutes, can be hypotonic, isotonic, or hypertonic

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18

isotonic

solutions that have equal concentrations with no net movement of water across the membrane

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19

hypertonic

solution with a higher concentration of solutes, water will go out the cell and into the solution, cell could shrivel

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20

hypotonic

solution with lower concentration of solutes, water will go into the cell, could lyse (burst)

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21

turgor pressure

provides mechanical support for the plant, hypotonic environment is healthiest for a plant

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22

healthiest environment for animal cell

isotonic

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23

facilitated diffusion

passive transport aided by proteins (channel proteins)

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24

active transport

requires ATP and moves against its concentration gradient- carrier proteins

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25

electrogenic pumps

membrane proteins that generate voltage across membrane by active transport of ions- sodium potassium pump and proton pump

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26

bulk transport

active, transports larger biological molecules, packaged in vescicles, across the membrane

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27

exocytosis

a cell secretes large molecules by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane out of the cell

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28

endocytosis

a region of the membrane sinks inward and punches off to form a vesicle containing material that had been outside the cell

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29

3 types of endocytosis

phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor

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30

phagocytosis

endocytosis of food particles (cellular eating)

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31

pinocytosis

endocytosis of fluids (cellular eating)

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32

receptor

a mediated endocytosis enables a cell to acquire specific substances by ligand binding (molecule to specific receptor)

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