Science Bowl: Life Science:Cells

cell

basic unit of structure of life

prokaryotic

cells that do not have a membrane bound structure

eukaryotic

cells that have a membrane bound structure

Cell membrane

Barrier between in and out of the cell

Cytoplasm

Gel-like fluid that takes up the excess space in the cell.

Nucleus

The Control Center

The nucleus contains

Chromosones(made of DNA)

Nuclear Membrane

Protects the Nucleus

Nucleolus

Makes ribosomes

Vacuoles

Storage Room(contains substances needed for cell survival)

Mitochandria

Energy

Endoplasmic Reticulum(ER)/Ribosomes

Makes protein and lipids

Golgi Bodies

Packages products from the ER and distributes it

Cell Wall

Outer Barrier that gives it support and shape

Chloroplasts

Food-making structures that contain the green color

Chlorophyll/Photosynthesis

Captures sun energy and combines it with water and carbon dioxide to make glucose(plant food)

Cell motabilism

When the cell’s organelles break down different substances

Cellular respiration

When Oxygen(o2)chemically combined with food(sugar) to release energy

Proteins

molecules of Carbon,hydrogen,oxygen,nitrogen,and sometimes sulfur that living things need.

Amino acids

Proteins are broken into smaller groups called

Enzymes

Directs chemical reactions in the body.

Hair

made up of large protein molecules

large protein molecules

made up of amino acid molecules

Cell division

Allows organisms to grow and replaced injured cells

Mitosis

When the reproduction of cells splits up the nucleus in to 2 similar copies

Cell division stages

Interphase>prophase>Metaphase>Anaphase>Telophase

1.Interphase

The chromosome in the Nucleus makes a copy of itself

2.Prophase

The Nucleus shortens and thickens.The Chromosome copies form an X to hold together in the center

3.Metaphase

The 2 copies of the chromosome line up in the center of cell

4.Anaphase

The copies separate.1 set of chromosomes go to one side of the cell while the other goes to the opposite side. .

5.Telophase

The cytoplasm pinches at the center of the cell dividing it into half.There are now 2 similar copies of the parent cell.