Exam Review for Lifespan Development and Related Psychological Disorders

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts in Lifespan Development, Psychological Disorders, and Therapy.

Motor Skills Development

The progression of physical abilities that a child develops over time, including gross and fine motor skills.

Erikson's Developmental Stages

Eight stages of psychosocial development proposed by Erik Erikson, each characterized by a specific conflict crucial for personal growth.

Attachment Styles

The emotional bond between a child and caregiver, which can be categorized into four types: secure, avoidant, ambivalent, and disorganized.

Domains of Development

The three main areas of human development: physical, cognitive, and social/emotional.

Continuous Development

A gradual, ongoing process of development, where changes are seen as cumulative.

Discontinuous Development

A process where development occurs in distinct stages, with different characteristics at each stage.

Piaget's Developmental Stages

Four stages of cognitive development proposed by Jean Piaget: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational.

Parenting Styles

Different approaches to parenting, including authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and neglectful, affecting child behavior and development.

Newborn Reflexes

Automatic responses present at birth, including the rooting reflex, grasping reflex, and Moro reflex.

Assimilation

The process of incorporating new experiences into existing schemas or frameworks.

Accommodation

The process of modifying existing schemas to fit new experiences.

Mania vs. Hypomania

Mania is an intense and extreme mood disturbance, while hypomania is a milder form of mania.

Obsessions vs. Compulsions

Obsessions are intrusive thoughts, while compulsions are repetitive behaviors performed to relieve anxiety.

Diathesis-Stress Model

A psychological theory that explains the development of disorders as a result of an interaction between predisposition and stress.

Social Anxiety Disorder

A condition marked by intense fear of social situations; coping mechanisms can include therapy and medication.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A disorder characterized by pervasive and excessive worry about various aspects of life.

Positive vs. Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Positive symptoms involve added behaviors (e.g., hallucinations), while negative symptoms involve a reduction or absence of normal functions (e.g., lack of motivation).

Panic Disorder

An anxiety disorder characterized by unexpected and repeated episodes of intense fear or panic attacks.

Dissociative Disorder

A mental health disorder characterized by a disconnection between thoughts, identity, consciousness, and memory.

Depressive Disorder

A mood disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest; anhedonia refers to the inability to feel pleasure.

Biopsychosocial Model

A holistic approach in psychology that considers biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding health and illness.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

A disorder characterized by persistent anxiety and flashbacks following a traumatic event.

Phobias

Intense and irrational fears of specific objects or situations.

Behavior Therapy

A treatment that focuses on changing undesirable behaviors through various techniques such as conditioning.

Voluntary vs. Involuntary Treatment

Voluntary treatment involves a patient's consent, while involuntary treatment occurs without consent, typically for safety reasons.

Humanistic Therapy

A psychological approach emphasizing personal growth and self-actualization; active listening is a key technique.

Behavior Modification and Token Economy

A method that uses tokens as rewards for desired behaviors to encourage changes.

Play Therapy

A therapeutic method used primarily with children to help them express feelings and experiences through play.

Drug Therapies

Medications used to manage symptoms rather than cure, particularly in long-term mental health conditions.

Anti-Anxiety Drugs

Medications that help reduce anxiety symptoms by influencing neurotransmitters.

Cognitive Therapy

A treatment method that focuses on changing maladaptive thoughts and beliefs.

Group Therapy vs. 1-on-1 Therapy

Group therapy involves multiple participants sharing and supporting each other, while 1-on-1 therapy is focused exclusively on the individual with the therapist.

Couples Therapy

A form of therapy aimed at resolving issues within romantic relationships.

Electroconvulsive Therapy

A medical treatment for severe mental disorders involving electrical stimulation of the brain.

Emotion-Focused Coping

A coping strategy that aims to reduce emotional distress rather than addressing the problem.

Problem-Focused Coping

A coping strategy that deals with the stressor directly.

Social Support

Emotional or practical assistance provided by friends, family, or community, which can enhance recovery.

Types of Stressors

Three categories of stressors including daily hassles, acute stressors, and chronic stressors.

Primary and Secondary Appraisals

Primary appraisal assesses the threat of a stressor, while secondary appraisal evaluates the resources available to cope.

Eustress

A positive form of stress that can enhance performance.

General Adaptation Syndrome

A three-stage response to stress that includes alarm, resistance, and exhaustion; the alarm reaction is the initial response.

Cortisol

A hormone released during stress that assists in managing the body's response.