Humanities Exam One

Quizzes 1 + 2

Siddhartha Gautama

Hindu prince; known for starting Buddhism and is the one “buddha”. He achieved enlightenment and taught the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path.

Oldest Mesopotamian civilization

Sumerians

Roman culture

Tactical Utilitarianism

Egyptians main deity

Pharoah

dharma

Ones work or duty

Dukka

Buddhist word for “suffering”

Moksha

Freedom form the cycle of death and rebirth (samsara)

Contemporary art movement

Avant-garde movement that pushes for conceptual understanding versus artist ability

Karma

Cosmic law of cause and effect

Avant-garde

Push for the edge of originality

Modern artists

Talented artists that seek to create something out of the norm of respected techniques

Impressionism

movement where every artist changes style with the exception of Claude Monet

Art movement that was encompassed in the modernism movement

Post-impressionism

Movement that became a lot more abstract in art

Post-modernism

Greek period referred to as the “time of myth”

prehellenic

Period within the Archaic time in Greece

Humanism; celebrating the qualities of being human

Referred to as the golden age of Greece - had an improvement in arts and philosophy

Classical/Hellenic period

Movement during the Classical/Hellenic period

Idealism; categorized by perfectionist models and unrealistic beauty standards within the art.

Movement during the Hellenistic period (323-31 BCE) that created scientifical advancements.

Realism; also started during the death of Alexander the Great and the spreading of his territories by war generals.

Caused the eventual downfall of the roman empire[750BCE-476CE]

Barbarian tribes with no central unit

Held some of the only civilization in the medieval age

Christian monasteries

Aspects of renaissance culture come from this

Greek/roman traits

Time period that sparked revolutionary social and artistical reforms along with significant advancements in mathematics and literacy

Italian renaissance

Movement started in early renaissance that mixes Greek/roman traits with Christian stories

Renaissance Neoplatonism

Art style introduced during renaissance middle renaissance

Mannerism; anti-classical and was comprised of a lot themes of pain, disorder, unorthodox, and the perverse

Religious movement set of reforming Christianity and the catholic church

Protestant reformation

Arts that have no confliction with the holy bible

Protestant arts

Period mainly about the conflict between the Catholics and the protestants

Baroque period [1600CE-1715CE]

Rich class emerged due to the conflicts of this period

Late baroque period

Age of wealthy aristocrats in Europe

Rococo[1700CE-1789CE]

Art movement set for a small group of people during the Rococo period

Elitism

Period that introduced the enlightenment movement

Late Rococo

Movement that introduced neoclassical; artistic focus on universality

Enlightenment movement

Period of revolutions

Romantic era

Focus on nature and youth

Sublime art movement

When the invention of photography occurred

Naturalism movement [1800CE-1876CE]

Period of reaction towards the creation of photography

Impressionism

Impasto

Art technique of using thick paint of create 3d effect on a canvas

Hindu deities

Avatars ~ 330 million

Followers of Islam

Muslims

Allah

Islam’s one deity

Muhammed

Allah’s number one prophet

99% of this art does not have humans in it

Islamic art

This civilization appears to capitalize off the lack of a major central body in India for profit

British empire in the 17th century

Early religion in Chinese pre-history

Shamanism

Chinese term for life force or “energy”

Qi

Opposing forced of nature in Chinese culture

Yin and Yang

Fire, water, wood, metal, earth

Sub-elements of life forces

To live rightly balanced with nature

Taoism

Mixed values of Buddhism and Taoism

Kung Fu - achievement of human effort

This civilization mainly developed writing styles and language techniques to trade with China

Japan

Early religous movement in ancient Japan

Shinto; very non-restrictive faith most things found in nature are encompassed

Edo Period

250 years of peace period Japan; shinto inspired

Referred to as media

Visual arts, medium; starts with aesthetics

Line, shape[mass], color/hue, volume/space, texture

Elements of formal art analysis

Set of societal “rules” that are written or unwritten

Ideology

Always put out by authority

ideology

Line

connection between two points

Art dimensions

Weight + length

Shape/mass

2-d; how much area an object occupys in a 2-d field

Color/hue

specific frequency of the visible light spectrum that reflects of an object/substance

Magenta, cyan, yellow

true primary colors

Red, blue, green

color in light

Volume/space

3-dimensional, can be actual of implied, determines how much an object contains or holds

Texture

Can be actual or implied, is how an object appears to feel

Time/movement

Occasionally 4 dimensional, “kinesthetic”; art that moves by design

Prehistoric cave murals

• paintings on cave walls

• Black only

• vehicle; animal fat

Last work done at sistine chapel

Altar “last judgement”

Michelangelos self portrait

Flayed skin of held by a figure in the altar mural

Ajanta

Indian example of fresco at buddhist monastery; had art inside rock cut caves/temples; contained both kinds of fresco

Scenes of ajanta

Patterns/designs; former lives of buddha, buddha teaching; site gets abandoned in 600ce(hinduism came back)

Roman Portable art

Different media [wood/small stone]; romans invented encaustic medium (color and bees wax, resin(solvent). Stone sarcophagus + wood; also used for religious icons

Pantokrator

“Power for all people”; has two sided face depiction of jesus

Encaustic issues

Not too durable; can chip in small pieces also great fire hazard

Tempera

Late medieval; Mix of color, egg(vehicle), water(solvent).

• Egg binds well to objects

• Very durable for wood

• Issues: dries very quickly, paints in layers

Primavera

Meant “allegory of spring”; renaissance tempera paintings by Alessandro Botticelli

• Details painted in layers

• Translucent clothings painted with egg whites + more water

Oil painting

Renaissance style of paint.

• Mix of color

• Linseed oil(vehicle)

• Terpentine(solvent)

Oil painting mediums

Wood or stretched cloth(linen)

• Cures slowly

• Can take up to six months to fully cure

• Paint thin coats

Mona lisa

• Done by leonardo da vinci

• Portrait of an Italian rich merchant's wife that leonardo gave to the king of France years later

• Leo. Worked on "smile” for 8 years

• Shes in the moment of starting to make an emotion