Murray State BIO 300 Test 1

Nitrogen is found in what types of molecules

Proteins and nucleic acids

Where would you expect to find Phosphorus

Lipids, and nucleic acids

What cells have peptidoglycan in them?

Gram + and Gram - cells.

Which cell shave more peptidoglycan in them?

Gram + has a very thick peptidoglycan layer, whereas Gram - has a thin peptidoglycan layer

mRNA with Poly A tails

Eukaryotes

Penicillin was developed as an antibiotic during which war?

WWII

When did we learn that organisms cause disease

Civil War

Energy to spin flagella comes from what?

Proton motive force

You would expect to find Teichoic Acids in

Gram Positive cell wall

The reaction that adds fatty acids to a glycerol molecule in a glyceride lipid is a ____ reaction

Dehydration

Endotoxin is _____, and therefore only found in ______.

LPS, Gram -

Chemoattractants work by

increasing run time, decreasing tumble time

Energy to spin flagella comes from

The proton motive force

The long carbon chains of a fatty acid are:

Polar;

nonpolar;

hydrophobic;

more than one of the above;

More than one of the above, hydrophobic and nonpolar

When the long carbon chains of fatty acids contain double bonds, they are

Unsaturated

A cell with flagella randomly distributed on the surface would be

pertricheous

O polysaccharide (O antigen) is part of

LPS

Which of the following runs against concentration gradients and therefore requires energy

active transport

Alpha Helices and beta sheets make up what level of structure in protein

secondary

the phase of growth when the cells are adjusting to the medium and preparing the cell machineray growth is called

lag phase

a chemostat is used to

maintain a culture in exponential phase

The relationship between bacteria and disease was clearly shown when Koch worked on

anthrax

The major force that folds proteins in three dimensions is

hydrophilic/hydrophobic interactions

Pili and fimbrae:

May be virulence factors;

may attach the cells to tissues;

may be used for motility;

more than one above

more than one above, may attach cells to tissues, and may be used for motility

The space between the membranes of a gram negative organism is called

periplasm

If you placed a bacterium that lives well in a 0.85% salt solution into a 10% salt solution, what would happen

Plasmolysis

THe 10% salt solution compared to 0.85% would be

hypertonic

Plasmids are

extrachromosomal DNA

Thermopiles

Mesophile

Hyperthermophiles

pyschrophiles

Most pathogens are

Mesophiles

The temperature at which an organism grows best results from the structure of its

proteins (enzymes)

Nitrogen is found in

proteins and nucleic acids

Disulfide bonds stabilize the tertiary structure of

proteins

Glycosidic bonds are found in ____, while phosphodiester bonds are found in

polysaccharides, nucleic acids

A structure with a COOH attached to it is an

amino acid

Glucose is an ______ while fructose is a _____

aldehyde, ketone

The term vaccine comes from the use of ____ by Jenner to protect people from smallpox

cow pox

Carl Woese compared the nucleotide sequence of ______ in developing the three domains

rRNA

Who invented a method to reduce the number of organisms to acceptable levels by heating to 65 C for 30 or more minutes

Pasteur

Pasteur's swan neck flask experiment showed that

organimsms do not arise spontaneously

Which of the following belong to the domain Bacteria:

E. coli;

cyanobacteria;

archebacteria;

two of the three, E. coli, and cyanobacteria

which of the following would NOT be expected to have peptidoglycan in their cell walls

Arche bacteria, because it is not in the domain Bacteria

The bonds that hold the two strands of a double stranded DNA molecule to each other are

Hydrogen bonds

You would not expect to find sulfur in

proteins