LCCC Biology Placement Test

What is a solution with pH 3 best described as?

Highly acidic

What is a solution with pH 6 best described as?

Slightly acidic

What is a solution with pH 7?

Neutral

What is a solution with pH 8?

Slightly alkaline

What is a solution with pH 12?

Highly alkaline

What does pH measure?

Hydrogen ion concentration

What happens to pH when H+ increases?

pH decreases

What happens to pH when H+ decreases?

pH increases

What type of bond holds water molecules together?

Hydrogen bond

What property allows water to resist temperature change?

High specific heat

What is diffusion?

Movement from high to low concentration

What is osmosis?

Diffusion of water across membrane

What is facilitated diffusion?

Transport using protein channels

What is active transport?

Movement against gradient using energy

What is ATP?

Energy molecule of the cell

What does hypertonic mean?

Higher solute outside cell

What happens to cells in hypertonic solution?

Shrink

What does hypotonic mean?

Lower solute outside cell

What happens to cells in hypotonic solution?

Swell

What does isotonic mean?

Equal solute concentration

What is the cell membrane made of?

Phospholipid bilayer

What is selectively permeable?

Allows some substances through

What is homeostasis?

Stable internal environment

What organelle controls the cell?

Nucleus

What stores DNA?

Nucleus

What is the function of ribosomes?

Protein synthesis

Where are ribosomes found?

Cytoplasm and rough ER

What is rough ER?

Protein processing organelle

What is smooth ER?

Lipid synthesis

What does the Golgi apparatus do?

Packages proteins

What organelle produces energy?

Mitochondria

What is the function of lysosomes?

Break down waste

What is cytoplasm?

Gel-like interior

What is the cytoskeleton?

Support structure

What is a cell wall?

Rigid outer layer

Which cells have cell walls?

Plant cells

What is chloroplast?

Photosynthesis organelle

What pigment is in chloroplasts?

Chlorophyll

What is photosynthesis?

Making glucose using sunlight

What is cellular respiration?

Making ATP from glucose

What is DNA?

Genetic material

What shape is DNA?

Double helix

What are DNA building blocks?

Nucleotides

What are the 4 DNA bases?

A T C G

What does A pair with?

T

What does C pair with?

G

What is RNA?

Single-stranded genetic molecule

What base replaces T in RNA?

U

What is transcription?

DNA to RNA

What is translation?

RNA to protein

What is a gene?

Segment of DNA

What is a chromosome?

DNA structure

Where are chromosomes found?

Nucleus

What is replication?

Copying DNA

When does replication occur?

Before cell division

What is mitosis?

Cell division for growth

How many daughter cells in mitosis?

2

Are mitosis cells identical?

Yes

What is meiosis?

Cell division for gametes

How many cells in meiosis?

4

What are proteins made of?

Amino acids

How many amino acids exist?

20

What bond links amino acids?

Peptide bond

What is an enzyme?

Protein catalyst

What do enzymes do?

Speed reactions

What affects enzyme activity?

Temperature and pH

What happens at high temp to enzymes?

Denature

What is substrate?

Reactant of enzyme

What is active site?

Binding area on enzyme

What is specificity?

Enzyme matches substrate

What is metabolism?

All chemical reactions

What is anabolic reaction?

Builds molecules

What is catabolic reaction?

Breaks molecules

What is glucose?

Simple sugar

What is ATP used for?

Energy transfer

What is dehydration synthesis?

Joins molecules removing water

What is hydrolysis?

Breaks molecules using water

What is lipid?

Fat molecule

What is carbohydrate?

Energy molecule

What is nucleic acid?

DNA/RNA

What is the smallest unit of life?

Cell

What are prokaryotes?

Cells without nucleus

What are eukaryotes?

Cells with nucleus

What is bacteria?

Prokaryotic organism

What is multicellular?

Many cells

What is unicellular?

One cell

What is an organ?

Group of tissues

What is tissue?

Group of cells

What is organ system?

Group of organs

What is organism?

Living thing

What is scientific method?

Steps to solve problems

What is hypothesis?

Testable prediction

What is independent variable?

What you change

What is dependent variable?

What you measure

What is control group?

No change group

What is constant?

Same factor

What is data?

Collected info

What is qualitative data?

Descriptions

What is quantitative data?

Numbers

What is conclusion?

Final result