AST Practice Exam #5

1. Which of the following clips is used for scalp hemostasis in cranial procedures?

A. Raney

The local freezing of diseased tissue to facilitate removal without bleeding is:

a. Cryosurgery

b. Electrocautery

c. Diathermy

d. harmonic scalpel

A. Cryosurgery

In severe aortic stenosis, all of the following are indications of valve replacement except?

a. Myocardial ischemia

b. Left ventricle hypertrophy

c. Palpitations

d. Angina

C. Palpitations

In the event a child requires emergency surgery, but the parents cannot be located to sign the surgical consent:

a. Consent is signed by a court of law

b. Consent is signed by two consulting physicians

c. No consent is required

d. Consent is signed by the surgeon

b. Consent is signed by two consulting physicians

Ethylene Oxide (ETO) sterilization destroys microbes by the process of:

a. alkylation

b. Osmosis

c. Oxidation

d. Cavitation

a. Alkylation

What is the most common cause of aortic aneurysm?

a. Thrombus

b. Embolus

c. Atherosclerosis

d. Hypotension

C. Atherosclerosis

What is used to determine the position of cannulated screws during repair of a femoral neck fracture?

a. Broach

b. Guide pins

c. Canal reamer

d. ruler

B. Guide pins

The instruments show below are used to dilate the:

a. urethra

b. cervix

c. Coronary artery

d. Intranasal antrostomy

B. cervix

Prior to being placed in the Eto sterilizer, items must:

a. Not be heat sensitive

b. Be lubricated with oil

c. Have residual water on their surface

d. Be completely dry

D. Be completely dry

During general anesthesia induction, which sense is the last to be experienced by the patient?

a. Touch

b. Taste

c. Hearing

d. Smell

C. Hearing

The purpose of creating an arteriovenous fistula is for:

a. Lavage

b. Chemotherapy

d. Hemostasis

C. Hemodialysis

What nerve is at greater risk during a thyriodectomy?

a. Cervical sympathetic chain

b. Inferior laryngeal

c. Vagus

d. Recurrent laryngeal

D. Recurrent laryngeal

Which nerve could be compressed against the humerus in the prone position?

D. Radial

What is the surgical procedure for reducing testosterone in prostate cancer?

a. Vasectomy

b. Varicocelectomy

c. Hydrocelectomy

d. Orchiectomy

d. Orchiectomy

What is the name of the retractor shown below?

a. Deaver

b. Harrington

c. Kelly

d. Richardson

see page 163 for photo

B. Harrington

If the broth in the steam sterilization biological indicator is yellow after incubation, what action to be taken?

b. Items must be immediately recalled

A specimen that is 5 centimeters is equal to:

a. 4 inches

b. 2 inches

c. 3 inches

d. 5 inches

B. 2 inches

2.54 centimeters is equal to 1 inch; therefore 5 centimeters is about 2 inches.

Which of the following vessels arises from the right ventricle of the heart?

a. Descending aorta

b. Ascending aorta

c. Pulmonary vein

d. Pulmonary artery

d. Pulmonary artery

The instrument below is used to:

a. Split muscle

b. Resect tendon

c. Extend incision

d. Cut bone

D. Cut bone

The Lambotte osteotome is available in varying widths and lengths and has a sharp end making it ideal for cutting bone.

Which area is prepped first when performing the skin prep for a skin grafting procedure?

A. Donor site

Which of the following has legal significance in the mishandling of a bullet?

a. Damage to tissue while removing specimen

b. Contaminating the specimen

c. Damaging ballistic markings

d. Tearing surgical gloves

C. Damaging ballistic markings

Which of the following procedures requires preoperative high-level disinfection of the endoscope?

A. Bronchoscopy

Which of the following maintains the position of the uterus?

a. Broad ligament

b. Suspensory ligament

c. Levator muscle

d. Pubic symphysis

A. Broad ligament

What device would the surgeon use to preserve facial motor and sensory functions during a parotidectomy?

D. Nerve stimulator

if the surgeon uses a knife blade to incise the oral mucosa, the preferred blade is:

d. 12

The gravity steam sterilization process can be rendered ineffective if the:

c. Temperature is below 250deg

A suture used to retract a structure to the side of the operative field is a/an:

b. Traction suture

What must the circulating surgical technologist to when placing the patient in the supine position?

a. Confirm angles are not crossed

What body system aids in the metastatic spread of cancer cells?

a. Lymphatic

b. Reproductive

c. Respiratory

d. Limbic

a. Lymphatic

Which of the following is inserted into the symphonic membrane incision during a myringotomy?

a. Fascial graft

b. PE tube

c. Tympanostomy tubes

d. Speculum

b. PE tube

Ventilation or pressure equalizing (PE) tube is inserted into the incision to facilitate pressure equalization

Which organelle contains digestive juices?

a. Ribosome

b. Lysosome

c. Mitochondria

d. Nucleus

b. Lysosome

During a thyriodectomy, if all parathyroid glands are accidentally removed, what complications will occur?

a. Tetany

b. Bradycardia

c. Thryoid storm

d. Hemorrhage

a. Tetany

(Tetany is characterized by severe cramps, convulsions and twitching of the muscles, and extreme flexion of the joints caused buy a low level of calcium)

Which of the following surgical instruments is used to retract the lung?

c. Allison

(The Allison lung retractor is a non-traumatic retractor that is used specifically for the lung.

Which of the following instruments would be used to remove nasal polyps?

a. Antrum rasp

b. Krause nasal snare

c Knight nasal scissors

d. Gruenwald nasal forceps

B. Krause nasal snare

What anatomical structure is Mersilene tape sutured around during a cerclage?

b. Cervix

(Cervical Cerclage also called Shirodkar's procedure)

What does the suffix - ectomy mean?

d. Excision

What would the preoperative diagnosis be for an infant undergoing craniotomy?

a. Myelomeningocele

b. Craniosynostosis

c. Anencephaly

d. Arteriovenous malformation

b. Craniosynostosis

Where is the anterior chamber of the eye located?

a. Posterior to the cornea and anterior to the iris

Which of the following would contraindicate preoperatively setting up the cell saver machine?

a. Patient received preoperative blood transfusion

b. Patient is on preoperative steroids

c. Sponges will be used during procedure

d. Patient has cancer

d. patient has cancer

Which medication is contraindicated for patients with a history of malignant hyperthermia?

a.Succinylcholine

b. Dantrolene

c. papaverine

d. Vecuronium

a. Succinylcholine (triggers malignant hyperthermia)

Which of the following is an incision into the tympanic membrane for the removal of accumulated fluid?

a. Otoplasty

b. Tympanoplasty

c. stapedotomy

d. Myringotomy

d. Myringotomy

Which of the following is not a requirement when a patient is placed in the prone position?

a. bolsters placed under axilllae

b. Arms on arm boards parallel to bed

c. Head placed on donut

d. Safety belt is placed below the knees

d. safety belt is placed below the knees

A tissue specimen being sent to pathology for a frozen section is prepared by placing it into a :

d. container without preservative

The body's first line of defense against infection is:

c. intact skin

Which stapling device would be used to create an anastomosis during a low anterior resection?

a. GIA

b. EEA

c. TA

d. LDS

B. EEA

Packing material would be placed as a dressing after surgery on the:

a. Rectum

b. Chest

c. Knee

d. Neck

a. rectum

What is the lining of the thoracic cavity?

a. Peritoneum

b. Pleura

c. Parietal

d. Pericardium

b. Pleura

What is the proper method of removing the knife blade from the handle when breaking down the Mayo stand?

a. Throw handle with knife blade in sharps container

b. Use fingers

c. Do not remove and place handle in instrument tray

d. Use a heavy hemostat or needle holder

d. Use a heavy hemostat or needle holder

What route of drug administration is parenteral (with needle)?

a. Intravenous

b. Sublingual

c. Rectal

d. Transdermal

a. Intravenous

The vascular, fibrous covering of bone is the:

a. Endosteum

b. Epiphysis

c. Aponeurosis

d. Periosteum

D. Periosteum

What type of dressing would usually be used for a laparotomy procedure?

a. Wet-to-wet

b. One-layer

c. Pressure

d. Retroperitoneum

c. pressure

To prevent deep-vein thrombosis in the bariatric patient, what preoperative drug is given?

a. Nitroglycerine

b. Heparin

c. Mannitol

d. Vitamin K

b. Heparin

Which space is entered during a thymectomy?

a. Mediastinum

b. Interstitial

c. Pleural cavity

d. Retroperitoneum

a. Mediastinum

Femoral rasps are used for which of the following reasons:

a. Expose the operative site

b. File the cortical bone

c. Prepare the intramedullary space for a prosthesis

d. Inject bone cement into the intramedullary space

c. Prepare the intramedullary space for a prosthesis

Which of the following is part of the immune system?

a. Liver

b. Spleen

c. Pancreas

d. Thryoid

b. spleen

What incision is frequently used for pediatric aortic coarctation repair?

c. Posterolateral thoracotomy

Type and cross match for blood is completed:

a. On all hospital patients

b. In the OR, just before the incision is made

c. If blood loss with replacement is anticipated

d. On all surgical patients

c. If blood loss with replacement is anticipated

The purpose of the kidney elevator is to:

a. Increase the intercostal spaces

b. Stabilize the patient

c. Facilitate respiration of the dependent lung

d. Increase the space between the lower rib and iliac crest

d. Increase the space between the lower rib and iliac crest

When storing information on the hard drive of a computer, what is clicked?

a. Open

b. Delete

c. Save

d. Enter

c. save

Which of the following is the proper method for handling disposable suction containers when turning over an OR?

a. Empty contents in hopper and place in waste container

b. Place container in waste disposal

c. Wipe down outside of the container and place in biohazard bag for disposal

d. Transport with instruments in case cart to decontamination room

c. Wipe down outside of the container and place in biohazard bag for disposal

Which of the following can cause lumbosacral strain in the lithotomy position?

d. Buttocks extend past table break

A midline xiphoid to pubis incision is commonly made for a/an:

a. Abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy

b. Transverse colectomy

c. Nephrectomy

d. Appendectomy

a. Abdominal aortic aneurysmectomy

Which item listed below should the surgical technologist confirm is available for a nerve repair?

c. Loupes

How often should biological testing of EtO sterilization be conducted?

a. Every load

b. Weekly

c. Monthly

d. Twice-a-week

a. Every load

Which of the following is a liquid chemical sterilant often used for sterilizing endoscopes with a cycle time of 30 minutes?

c. Peracetic acid

When should the first closing sponge, sharp and instrument count be completed?

prior to closure of the body cavity

Which of the following skin preps is contraindicated for use around eyes and ears because of potential for corneal abrasions and ototoxicity?

Chlorhexidine

A short-acting narcotic opioid given intramuscularly for preoperative sedation is:

Meperidine

The leg extensor muscle:rectus femurs, vastus laterals, vastgus medial is and the vast us intermedius are collectively called the;

Quadriceps femoris

Which of the following instruments is not a retractor used during a prostatectomy?

Harrington

What does the term - scope mean?

viewing

How many minutes should a Frazier suction tip be immediate-use sterilized (flash sterilized) in a gravity steam sterilizer?

10

Which of the following preoperative procedures should be completed for the diabetic patient

Antiembolic stockings placed on patient

Induced hypothermia is typically associated with which of the following surgical specialities?

Cardiothoracic

What block involved medication being injected into the subarachnoid space?

spinal

Which of the following conditions might require use of a Silastic urethral catheter?

latex allergy

A patient received preoperative instructions to remove nail polish to:

Prevent pulse oximeter malfunction

How often should the steam sterilizing machine's strainer be cleaned?

daily

What is the smallest microorganism that requires a host cell for replication?

virus

Which surgeon might provide the operative exposure for the neurosurgeon in a transphenoidal approach to the sell turcica?

Otorhinolaryngologist

An intraoperative mutagenic and carcinogenic hazard of laser use is:

Laser plume

What type of solution is recommended for cleaning the OR floors during room turnover?

Detergent-disinfection

Which of the following is used to remove resected prostatic tissue during a TURP?

Ellik

A patient is instructed to be NPO for 8 hours prior to surgery to prevent:

Aspiration

The essential element of hemoglobin is:

Iron

In which procedure would the instrument shown below be used?

Hysterectomy

A large, bony process found on the femur is a :

Trochanter

Which of the following incisions would be performed for repair for a liver laceration?

Midline

Just before the surgeon makes the skin incision which of the following must be performed?

time-out

The pulse rate of pregnant patients:

Increases

Which portion of the stomach is superior to the esophageal sphincter?

fundus

A linen pack to be steam sterilized must be weigh more than:

12lbs

The closing sponge count should be initiated at the:

operative field

During which of the following procedures is it imperative that the surgical tech maintain the sterility of the back table and mayo stand until the patient is transported out of the OR?

Tonsillectomy

Which of the following statements concerning peel-packs is correct?

When labeling with felt-tip marker write on the plastic side

Which two structures are identified and ligated during a cholecystectomy?

cystic artery and cystic duct

Which is the primary responsibility of the first scrub surgical tech during a cardiac arrest in the OR?

Protect the sterile field

What does pneumonectomy mean?

removal of a lung

How many hours must the steam biological indicator by incubated before reading the results?

24

Which of the following is responsible for causing transmission of spongiform encephalopathy?

Prion