Unit 6 AP HuG Exam

Which statement explains a short-coming of the bid-rent theory?

It assumes that a city exists on a flat, featureless plane with all employment opportunities found in a single central business district.

Which of the following is an example of infilling?

Seattle rezoning parts of the city and increasing the height and density of housing.

Which of the following is an example of government officials developing policies to reduce rural-to-urban migration?

The Indonesian government revived a program to fund the development of economic growth and stability within villages, creating increased opportunities for villagers.

Which of the following is the best definition of an urban area?

A city and its surrounding suburbs.

Which of the following statements best explains why the data collected by the U.S. Census Bureau can be described as some of the most robust quantitative data that cities can use.

The data covers numerous scales, as well as factors such as age, sex, and race.

Which infrastructure development contributed most to U.S. suburbanization after World War II?

The automobile

How is a boomburb different from an edge city?

An edge city has office and retail space, but a boomburb does not.

Which model is shown?

Burgess concentric-zone model

Which of the following is the best example of how the quality of a city's infrastructure directly affects its economic development?

Poor transportation infrastructure in Lagos, Nigeria, has contributed to high costs for residents and the country's poor economic performance.

Which statement correctly explains why sprawl in Europe is more limited than it is in the U.S.?

Farm groups have a stronger voice in government.

What is the purpose of zoning?

To allow only specific land uses in various areas of a city.

Which model is shown?

Hoyt sector model

Which statement accurately explains the difference between qualitative and quantitative research?

Qualitative research involves interviews and focus groups; quantitative research involves surveys and observations.

Triple-deckers in Boston and row houses in New Orleans are examples of which type of housing?

Medium-density housing

Which statement explains why regional planning is effective as a means of addressing urban sustainability challenges?

The coordinated efforts of multiple political bodies can be more effective than those of individual governments working independently.

Which of the following is the major industry in San Jose, California, and Bengaluru, India?

Information Technology

Which of the following is the best example of how infrastructure can be used to create a more equitable living environment?

Dedicated bus lanes in Bogota, Columbia.

The U.S. Census gathers information at different scales. What is the smallest geographical unit used by the Census Bureau when collecting and organizing quantitative data about changes in population composition and size in urban areas?

Blocks

What is a criticism of New Urbanism?

New Urbanism results in de facto segregation.

Which premise framed the Southeast Asian City Model created by geographer T.G. McGee in 1967?

Southeast Asian cities grew around ports and lack a clearly defined central business district (CBD).

What are brownfields?

Abandoned and polluted industrial sites.

Which statement explains why the functional and geographic fragmentation of governments presents challenges in addressing urban issues?

Local municipalities and the larger region often have conflicting interests.

What is one reason why European countries produce fewer greenhouse-gas emissions than the United States?

European countries have better bicycle infrastructure.

Assume that a country's largest city has 8 million people. Based on the rank-size rule, what would be the approximate population of its second-largest city?

4 million people.

Which statement about energy use as an urban-sustainability challenge is accurate?

High-density neighborhoods have a smaller physical footprint and consume less energy per capita than low-density neighborhoods.

Which term identifies the nationwide movement that developed in the 1950's and 1960's, when U.S. cities were given massive federal grants to tear down and clear out crumbling neighborhoods and former industrial zones as a means of rebuilding their downtowns?

Urban renewal

Which term describes areas of poorly planned, low-density development surrounding a city?

Urban sprawl

Which geographic model is shown?

Harris and Ulman multiple nuclei model

Which of the following is the best example of a galactic city?

Detroit

Which of the following is a characteristic of transportation-oriented development?

Accessible public transport

Which factor influences a city's population density?

The predominant type of housing

Which statement explains how rapid urbanization challenges structures of land tenure?

Rapid urbanization brings abrupt, large-scale changes in land use, which in turn causes land values to change quickly.

Which statement best defines an urban area?

An urban area is an area defined by different countries using different criteria.

Which of the following would be used to describe a city's situation characteristics as opposed to its site characteristics?

Connection to trade routes

Which of the following is a legislative tool used in the U.S. to permit or prohibit certain land uses, as well as to limit density and to guide the direction of growth?

Zoning

Which statement explains the effect of a strong infrastructure on a community?

Strong infrastructure enables the efficient and effective transportation of goods to market and people to access goods.

Which factor best explains the development and expansion of squatter settlements?

Rapid urbanization and inability of infrastructure to keep pace with the growth of mega-cities in developing countries.

Which term refers to a government's right to take over privately owned property for public use or interest?

Eminent domain

What was the cause of contaminated drinking water in Newark, New Jersey, and Flint, Michigan?

Lead from water pipes

Which of the following is the best example of how infrastructure can be used to make lives better for people and create more equality?

Dedicated bus lanes in Bogota, Columbia.

The Global Power City Index ranks world cities. Which factor is not part of its ranking criteria?

Population size

Which of the following correctly describes a location of most disamenity zones?

On the periphery of large cities

Which of the following is intended to increase residential densities and reduce commutes?

Mixed-use development

Which of the following is a major challenge for cities with urban growth boundaries?

A lack of affordable housing

Which of the following is an example of how qualitative data can be used to show the causes and effects of geographic change within an urban area?

A collection of oral histories about a neighborhood in New Orleans, Louisiana, spanning its immigrant origins to Hurricane Katrina in 2005.

What major problem resulted from rapid urbanization in both San Jose, California, and Bengaluru, India?

A housing shortage

Which statement accurately explains how patterns of poverty, tax revenues, and infrastructure problems are related?

When patterns of poverty occur, wealthier residents move to the suburbs and housing values near the central business district drop, resulting in declining tax revenues and fewer means for the government to provide services to inner-city residents.

Which term refers to the number of people needed to support a particular good or service?

Threshold

How does a metacity differ from a megacity?

A metacity has a larger population than a megacity.

According to the Burgess concentric-zone model, which term refers to an area where neighborhoods are declining and residents are often first-generation immigrants or the elderly?

Transition zone

Which of the following leads to the creation of zones of abandonment?

High vacancy rates

Which of the following can be used to establish a slow-growth city?

An urban growth boundary

Which factor contributed to an acceleration of sprawl in the U.S. after World War II?

Automobiles became more affordable and the Interstate Highway System was built.

Which invention(s) contributed most to urban sprawl?

The automobile

What is the goal of an urban growth boundary?

To define where new development can take place

How does the urban population density of U.S. cities compare with other parts of the world?

U.S. cities are less densely populated than cities in most other parts of the world.

Mexico City; Dakar, Senegal; and Paris, France, are what type of cities?

Primate cities

Which term is used to describe a type of community located on the outskirts of a larger city with commercial centers containing office space, retail complexes, and other amenities typical of an urban center?

Edge city

Which of the following is the main benefit of diverse housing?

Diverse housing promotes mixed-income neighborhoods.

Which of the following best describes infill development?

Identifying and developing vacant parcels of land within previously built areas.