Sports Med 2- Exam 2 review

Cryokinetics

The use of cold modality immediately before exercise to reduce discomfort

Every 1.8 F (1C) cahnge in tissue temperature results in a____ change in the tissue’s metabolic rate

13%

Which cold application is most effective at decrease

Discuss phase 2 of the healing process, in detail.

Discuss the importance of the transverse abdominis and multifidus muscles in core/trunk
stabilization

Which ultrasound output frequency will penetrate deeper into the tissue?

1 MHz

Which is an accurate statement concerning the use of

Energy is rabidly absorbed by tissue

Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of a moist heat pack?

Impaired circulation

When using an ultrasound, how much does the target tissue’s temperature need to be increased in order to promote tissue elongation?

5.4 F-9.0 F (2.9 C- 5C)

Ultrasound can only increase tissue temperatures when the treatment area is approximately…the size of the effective radiating area

Two and a half times

What parameter is primarily responsible for determining whether the treatment effects will be thermal or nonthermal

Duty cycle

_____ is the mechanism for transfer of energy when using therapeutic ultrasound

Conversion

A reduction in skin temperature of ___ can reduce the sensitivity of afferent nerve impulses, which can help reduce muscle spasms.

9 F (5 C)

Maximum analgesic (pain reducing) effects occur at this skin temperature

58 F

Conduction

The transfer of thermal energy by direct contact with a hotter or colder object

This is a warning sign that skin temperatures are near a dangerous level

Mottling- Discoloration of splotches or patches of bluish/purplish skin

The use of this heat modality increases intramuscular temperature 4 F at 5 cm deep

Exercise

Cryotherapy

This modality is rarely contraindicated and may be used throughout the heeling process

Cellular metabolic rate increases 2-3 times for every increase of this tissue temperature?

18 F

The direction of heat transfer is always ____ until equilibrium is reached

Warmer to cooler temperatures

The definition of cryokinetics is…

The use of ice immediately prior to exercise for analgesic effects

Collagen rick tissue can be physically elongated (plastic deformity) when heated to these temperature?

104 F to 113 F

The most often neglected component of rehabilitation program is…

Cardiovascular fitness

A form of training that combines speed of movement and strength is…

Plyometric power

Exercise that occurs at a set velocity with a variable amount of resistance

Isokinetic-

Which healing phase creates more/new blood capillaries?

The proliferation phase

What re the 3 phases of the stretch-shortening cycle in plyometrics?

• Eccentric

• Concentric

• Amortization

Amortization

The transition period between eccentric load and concentric contraction during a repetition of an exercise

What are the 3 mechanical characteristics that contribute to force production in Polymetrics?

• Contractile component

• Series elastic component

• Parallele elastic component

List 7 resistance training techniques to improve muscular strength

• Decrease acceleration

• Stimulate proprioceptors

• Increase resistance

• Enhance dynamic stability

• Increase congruency joints

Permanent changes in collagen and elastin fibers after long periods of stretch

Plastic

Detects the rate of change in muscles

Closed kinetic chain exercise is often referred to as another type of exercise

Weight bearing

Increasing collagen deformation under constant load

Creep elastic

Temporary changes in collagen and elastin fibers from slow deformation

Viscoelastic

The ability to quickly generate force against some resistance

Muscular power

A contraction of the agonist causing a reflex relaxation of the antagonist

Reciprocal inhibition

The optimal training age for maximizing the adaptive responses to plyometric training is…

10-13 and 16-18 years old

Which of these is not a psychosocial benefit to the use of functional progressions in rehabilitation?

• Decreased anxiety

• Decreased confidence

• Decreased deprivation

• Decreased apprehension

Decreased confidence

True or falso, Plyometric exercises requires no prior training or conditioning to perform and are safe for everyone

False

Which of the following is an advantage to the use of Open Kinetic Chain exercise?

Decreased resistance force

True or false. Plyometric exercise does not involve an eccentric component

False

The electromechanical delay between the eccentric and concentric muscle activations

Amortization phase

A controlled concentric and eccentric activation of a muscle over 2 joint s is…

Econcentric

Which of the following stretching techniques can produce the most dramatic increases in ROM?

Proprioceptive neuromuscular

Which of the following is an ACSM recommendation for cardiorespiratory exercise time and intensity?

Moderate: > 30 minutes per day, < 5 days per week

Lasers produce highly refined ____ light in the ultraviolet, visible, or infrared range.

Monochromatic

Longer laser wavelengths penetrate deeper into tissues than shorter wavelengths.

True

Which of the following mechanisms is not responsible for allowing or improving mobility and range of motion

The mechanoreceptor response to joint position

True or false, a key concept with open kinetic chain exercise is that the exercises are reversible

False

A muscle needs to be placed on a stretch for at least ____ seconds before the Golgi Tendon Organs send a signal to decrease muscle tension to the CNS

6

Which of the following is not a criteria for an athlete to return to full participation

Championship game

Polymetrics

A form of exercise that uses explosive, rapid movements to improve power, speed, and strength

Why is neuromuscular control critical to the rehabilitation process?

Ensures the body can effectively and safely regain functional movement after an injury, improving coordination, stability, and reducing the risk of re-injury

What are the 4 basic elements that are crucial for reestablishing neuromuscular control

• Proprioception and Kinestetic

• Dynamivcjoint stabilization

• Relearning neuromuscular control

• functional motor movement

Phonophoresis

A technique using therapeutic ultrasound is used to introduce pharmacologic agents, usually anti-inflammatory drugs

Diagnostic

Diagnosis- identification of the cause of a condition or illness based on signs and symptoms

Optimal operation of body structures occurs with core efficiency. All are examples except…

• Distribution of weight

• Absorption of force

• Transfer of ground reaction forces

• Power generation via increased spinal flexibility

Power generation via increased spinal flexibility

Golgi tendon organ (GTO)

A proprioceptor that is located at the junction of a muscle

Autogenic Inhibition

a protective mechanism that prevents muscles from exerting excessive force potentially leading to injury

Which factors impact balance?

• Muscular weakness

• Proprioceptive deficits

• Range of motion deficits

Afferent nerves

Sensory nerves that carry information from sensory receptors in the body to the central nervous system