Human H&P Chapter 2

Inorganic Substances

is a substance that lacks carbon. “Nonliving”

A. Most common inorganic substances found inside cells: water, carbon dioxide and salts

Organic Substances

is a substance that contains carbon (Remember all organisms contain carbon) “Living”

Most common organic substances found inside cells:

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, enzymes, and nucleic acids.

Carbobhydrates

are composed of monosaccharides aka glucose aka simple sugar aka C6H1206

Disaccharides are 2 monosaccharides that are joined together by a glycosidic bond (examples: Lactose - milk sugar, Maltose - wheat, barley and corn sugar)

Polysaccharide - is when 3 or more monosaccharides joined together (examples: starch, cellulose and glycogen

Lipids

The components of lipids are 1 glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acids

Saturated fats - are “Saturated with hydrogen atoms”. These are solids at room temperature and are concidered unhealthy.

Unsaturated fats are liquids at room temperature and are considered healthy

Nucleic Acid

DNA & RNA) are substances composed of nucleotides. “Genetic Code”

These are large, complex molecules that store and transmit genetic information in living cells and viruses.

These are composed of nucleotides, which are monomers that consist of a sugar, a phosphate group and nitrogen containing base

Proteins

These are large, complex molecules of amino acids that are essential for life.

Proteins are the basis of body structures like skin and hair also found in enzymes, hormones and antibodies

In addition of Carbon, Oxygen and Hydrogen atoms Proteins contains Nitrogen

Enzymes

are proteins that change the rate of chemical reactions

They are an essential part of digestion, blood clotting and growth

Factors that can affect the speed of enzymes include: temperature, Ph and concentration