Nazi Policies Toward Jews in the 1930s

Mein Kampf

Outlined Hitler's belief in a Jewish conspiracy threatening Germany and his goal of removing Jews from society.

Nazi policies

Reflected ideas from Mein Kampf by systematically excluding Jews from German life.

Nuremberg Laws

Legally defined Jews and restricted their rights.

Aryanization

Aligned with economic antisemitism and involved the transfer of Jewish businesses to non-Jews.

Kristallnacht

Marked an escalation to physical violence against Jews and introduced state-sanctioned violence.

Reichsvertretung der deutschen Juden

An organization that sought legal defense and aid for German Jews.

Traditional antisemitism

Characterized by religious hostility, economic jealousy, and blood libel myths.

Modern antisemitism

Incorporated racial theories, economic conspiracies, and nationalism.

European antisemitism

Stemmed from economic shifts, scapegoating, and nationalist ideologies.

Christian antisemitic myths

Used by Nazis but modernized with racial pseudoscience.

State-sanctioned violence

Introduced during Kristallnacht, leading to massive Jewish economic displacement.

Emigration

Convinced many Jews that leaving Germany was necessary after Kristallnacht.

Herschel Grynszpan

His attack prompted Kristallnacht and served as a test for international reaction.

Genocide

Systematic destruction of a group based on race, ethnicity, or religion.

Final Solution

The Nazi plan to exterminate the Jewish population of Europe.

Economic exclusion

Early Nazi policies aimed at removing Jews from economic life.

Radicalization

Increasing extremism in Nazi policies foreshadowed later events.

Boycotts

Early Nazi policies that targeted Jewish businesses in 1933.

Professional bans

Restrictions placed on Jews from various professions as part of early Nazi policies.

Cultural bans

Prohibitions against Jewish participation in cultural life initiated by the Nazis.

Public discrimination

Intensified against Jews in 1937-38 as part of Nazi policy development.

Disbelief

A reason some German Jews did not initially respond to Nazi policies.

Financial constraints

Limited the ability of some Jews to emigrate from Germany.

Bureaucratic barriers

Obstacles faced by Jews attempting to leave Germany.

International responses

Remained weak, limiting options for Jewish emigration after Kristallnacht.

Goals of modern antisemitism

Mirrored in Nazi policies, emphasizing racial purity and economic control.

Resettlement in the East

Nazi euphemism for the forced deportation and eventual murder of Jews.

Expulsions

The forced removal of Jewish populations from various regions throughout history.

Chmielnicki Uprising (1648)

A series of massacres against Jewish communities in Poland and Ukraine.

Pogroms

Organized, violent attacks against Jewish communities, particularly in Eastern Europe.

Wilhelm Marr

German writer who coined the term 'antisemitism' in 1879.

Christian Anti-Judaism

Religious hostility toward Jews, often based on accusations of deicide.

Canon Law & Fourth Lateran Council (1215)

Church regulations that marginalized Jewish communities.

Ritual Murder & Simon of Trent

False accusations that Jews murdered Christian children for religious rituals.

Christian Social Workers Party (Berlin)

An antisemitic political movement led by Adolf Stoecker.

Pan German Party (Austria)

A nationalist and antisemitic political party led by Georg von Schoenerer.

Christian Social Party (Vienna)

Political party led by Karl Lueger, who influenced Hitler's antisemitic beliefs.

Protocols of the Elders of Zion

A fabricated document used to spread conspiracy theories about Jewish world domination.

Theodor Fritsch

Author of 'The Racist Decalogue,' a key text in modern antisemitism.

Houston Stewart Chamberlain

British-born German racial theorist who promoted Aryan supremacy.

Judenrein

Nazi term for areas 'cleansed' of Jewish presence.

Treaty of Versailles (1919)

The post-WWI treaty that fueled German resentment and economic hardship.

Weimar Republic

Germany's democratic government before the Nazi takeover.

Beer Hall Putsch (1923)

Hitler's failed coup attempt to overthrow the Weimar Republic.

Mein Kampf

Hitler's ideological book outlining his antisemitic and expansionist beliefs.

Reichstag Fire (1933)

An event used by the Nazis to justify suppressing political opposition.

Enabling Law

Legislation that gave Hitler dictatorial powers.

SS, Gestapo, RSHA

Nazi security organizations responsible for enforcing racial policies.

Lebensraum

The Nazi policy of territorial expansion.

Boycott (April 1, 1933)

Economic attack against Jewish businesses.

Nuremberg Laws (1935)

Laws that defined Jewish identity and restricted Jewish rights.

Aryanization

The forced transfer of Jewish businesses and property to non-Jews.

Kristallnacht (1938)

A state-sanctioned pogrom marking the escalation of Nazi antisemitic policy.

Reichsvertretung der deutschen Juden (RV)

Jewish organization advocating for Jewish rights and aid.

Judischer Kulturbund

Jewish cultural organization formed under Nazi restrictions.

Robert Weltsch

Jewish journalist who encouraged resilience and pride despite persecution.

Evian Conference

International meeting that largely failed to help Jewish refugees.

US National Origins Quota (1924)

Restrictive immigration law limiting Jewish entry into the U.S.

Father Charles Coughlin

American priest known for antisemitic radio broadcasts.

Nazi policy toward Jews in the 1930s

Evolved from economic and social exclusion to violent persecution, culminating in the Holocaust.