Physics -Periodic Motion/Waves and Sound (ch 10)

damping

the gradual loss of amplitude of an oscillator due to friction

resonance

A phenomenon that occurs when two objects naturally vibrate at the same frequency - they are in phase

sound

A disturbance that travels through a medium as a longitudinal wave

solid

the state of matter sound travels best through

Frequency

if an oboe and piano are both playing middle-C they will have the same___

periodic motion

any motion that repeats at regular time intervals

rarefaction zone

The region where the medium particles are farther apart than average

longitudinal and transverse

What are the two types of waves?

crest

Highest point of a wave

trough

Lowest point of a wave

wavelength

Horizontal distance between the crests or between the troughs of two adjacent waves

wave height

vertical distance between crest and trough

rest position

The position where the wave is at rest, half way between the crest and trough.

amplitude

the height of a wave from the origin to a crest, or from the origin to a trough

damped oscillation

an oscillation that runs down and stops

driven oscillation

motion of an oscillator that is subjected to a periodic external force to overcome forces working to slow the oscillations

simple harmonic motion

repeated motion in which the force causing oscillations is directly proportional to the system's displacement

fundamental frequency

the lowest frequency of vibration of a standing wave

harmonic

frequencies that are multiples of fundamental frequency

timbre

quality of sound; voice of an instrument that is a result of all the simultaneous frequencies

doppler effect

An observed change in the frequency of a wave when the source or observer is moving

Electromganetic wave

A wave the can transfer electric and magnetic energy through the vacuum of space.

mechanical wave

A wave that requires a medium through which to travel

standing wave

a pattern of vibration that simulates a wave that is standing still

longitudinal wave

A wave in which the vibration of the medium is parallel to the direction the wave travels

transverse wave

A wave that moves the medium in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the wave travels

longitudinal wave examples

sound waves and p waves

transverse wave examples

water waves and electromagnetic waves

destructive interference

The interference that occurs when two waves combine to make a wave with a smaller amplitude

constructive interference

The interference that occurs when two waves combine to make a wave with a larger amplitude

vibrations

produces all sound waves

interference

the combination of two or more waves that results in a single wave