Unit 3 Lecture Notes

what is produced in the bone marrow

blood cells (B cells)

where do b cells mature

bone marrow

where do T cells mature

thymus

what does the spleen filter

blood

what do the lymph nodes filter

lymph

what do antibodies make

antigens

what are epitopes

motifs recognized by immune cells

what are haptens

too small and need a conjugate protein

• associated with type 4 sensitivities

what are fragments of antigen binding made of

heavy and light chains

IgG

• most abundant

• does everything

• has 2 binding sites

IgA

• has 4 binding sites

IgM

• has 10 binding sites

• agglutination

• mostly in tears, saliva, mucus (fluids)

IgE

• has 2 binding sites

• allergies

• antibodies

IgD

• has 2 binding sites

what is MHC

all nucleated cells have this, except for erythrocytes (RBCs)

what is MHC II

macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells, also includes all nucleated cells

what are helper T cells

help/assist other cells

what are cytotoxic cells

kills cells

what are memory cells

long lived cells that remember

what do B cells make

antibodies

T cell independent

doesnt need T cells

T cell dependent

needs helper T cells

what kind of MHC do B cells have

MHC II

IgM is considered the

1st responder

IgG is considered

long term defender

what is another meaning for mitosis

clonal proliferation

eustachian tube

connects to the nasopharynx

the lower respiratory tract is considered

sterile

the upper respiratory tract is considered

not sterile

s, pyogenes

• causes strep throat

• spread through direct contact + droplet transmission

• penicillin

what are streptolysins

virulence factors of streptococcus

scarlet fever

• red

• red rash

• erythro

• strawberry tongue

diptheria

• PSUEDOMEMBRANE

• oropharynx

• Tdap vaccine

what causes pneumonia

bacteria

how is pneumonia treated

penicillin (B lactams)

mycoplasma

• feels fine, not bad enough to go see dr

how to treat polio

vaccine

animal flus are considered…

the most severe

how to treat measles

MMR vaccine

histoplasmosis is associated with

fungal infections

what are fungal infection treated with

-azole

what is the complement system

cascade that enhances lysis of pathogens, enhances phagocytosis and inflammatory response

what are granulocytes

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

neutrophils

• most common

• engulf cells

eosinophils

parasites

basophils

• allergies

• histamine

what are agranulocytes

• lymphocytes (natural killer cells)

• monocytes (macrophages + dendritic cells) - phagocytosis

lysosomes

contain digestive enzymes + reactive oxygen species

phagosomes

vesicles that enclose ingested material

phagolysosomes

fusion of lysosomes + phagosomes for digestion

sickle cell anemia

creates resistance to malaria

is the flu viral or bacterial

viral

A, b blood types

can donate

AB blood type

can accept anything but can only donate to AB

O blood type

cant accept much except O but can donate