AP Gov Unit 1

What was the main purpose of the Declaration of Independence?

To justify breaking away from British rule by outlining natural rights and government by consent.

Which Enlightenment idea most influenced the Declaration of Independence?

John Locke’s theory of natural rights and the social contract.

What weakness of the Articles of Confederation led to their replacement?

The national government lacked the power to tax or regulate commerce.

What power did the Articles of Confederation give to the states?

States retained sovereignty and most governing authority.

What was the Great (Connecticut) Compromise?

Created a bicameral legislature with proportional representation in the House and equal representation in the Senate.

How did the Three-Fifths Compromise address slavery?

Counted three-fifths of enslaved people for representation and taxation.

What was the purpose of the Federalist Papers?

To persuade states to ratify the Constitution.

What argument did Federalists make in support of the Constitution?

A strong national government was necessary to maintain order and stability.

What was the main concern of the Anti-Federalists?

The Constitution lacked protections for individual liberties.

How was the Anti-Federalists’ concern addressed?

By adding the Bill of Rights.

What is popular sovereignty?

The principle that government power comes from the people.

What is republicanism?

A system where citizens elect representatives to make laws.

What is federalism?

A system of government where power is divided between national and state governments.

What is separation of powers?

The division of government authority among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches.

What is checks and balances?

A system that allows each branch to limit the power of the others.

What is limited government?

The idea that government power is restricted by law and the Constitution.

What is the rule of law?

The principle that everyone, including government officials, is subject to the law.

What was the significance of Marbury v. Madison (1803) to the Constitution?

Established judicial review.

What is the Supremacy Clause?

The Constitution and federal laws take precedence over state laws.

What is the Necessary and Proper Clause?

Allows Congress to pass laws needed to carry out its enumerated powers.

What are enumerated powers?

Powers specifically listed in the Constitution.

What are reserved powers?

Powers not given to the federal government, reserved to the states.

What is concurrent power?

Powers shared by both federal and state governments.

What is the purpose of the amendment process?

To allow the Constitution to be changed while maintaining stability.