What is reduced and what is oxidized? FeSO4 + 2 NA > Na2(SO4) + Fe
Sodium oxidized and iron reduced
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What type of bonds do proteins interact by?
conc-covalent and steric
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REDOX What adds an oxygen and removes a hydrogen?
oxidation
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REDOX What loses an electron?
oxidation
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REDOX What loses an oxygen and adds a hydrogen?
reduction
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What gains an electron?
reduction
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NAD+, FAD, 6 CO2 are examples of what type of redox?
oxidation
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NADH, FADH2, and Glucose are examples of what type of redox?
reduced
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alkyne > alkene > alkane
oxidation
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alkane > alkene > alkyne
reduced
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intra/extra cellular domains of a transmembrane protein are what type of residues?
hydrophilic
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To affect tertiary structure of protein folding, pick a residue with ______ polarity to others
different
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To keep tertiary structure of protein folding the same, pick a residue with ________ polarity to others
same
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What types of molecules is the plasma membrane permeable to?
non-polar and hydrophobic molecules that are small, uncharged
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What type of soluble molecules is the plasma membrane permeable to?
lipid soluble
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These types of molecules regulate homeostasis and response to stimuli
hormones
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These type of hormones are made from amino acids
peptide
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Are peptide hormones polar or non-polar?
polar
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how do peptide hormones interact with target cells?
membrane-bound receptors
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Why does a peptide hormone illicit a quick response to stimuli?
bc sense it is polar, it uses membrane-bound receptors to target cells
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example of peptide hormone
insulin or glucagon
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These types of hormones are made up of lipids derived from ________
steroid hormones, cholesterol
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What type of hormone can enter the plasma membrane and why?
Steroid hormones bc they are lipid soluble
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These types of hormones illicit long-lasting changes
steroid
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example of steroid hormone
estrogen and testosterone
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What charge does DNA and histones have?
negative; positive
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What type of rxn affects the lysine residues on histones?
acetylation
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What's important about histones and DNA?
Histones are positive and DNA is negatively charged, so when they interact, the histone lysine residues undergo acetylation, which causes the DNA to unravel, which promotes DNA expression and provides access to transcription factors
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How are electrons distributed in a covalent bond?
unevenly
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example of a polar covalent bond
hydrogen bond
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List the following in least to most polar A. Alcohols B. Ketones/ Aldehydes C. Carboxylic acids D. hydrocarbons E. charged molecules F. amines
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