Civil Rights Cases

AP Gov

Marbury v Madison

judicial review

Schenk v US

established clear and present danger for first amendment restrictions

Gitlow v NY

Established precedent for limiting free speech if it poses a threat to public safety

Brandenburg v OH

Established direct incitement test (intent, imminence, likelihood)

Snyder v Phelps

A Supreme Court case that upheld the right to free speech in public protests, ruling that emotional distress claims cannot outweigh the First Amendment.

Tinker v Des Moines

Established Substaintial Disruption Test —> narrowed first amendment in schools

Morse v Frederick

Limited free speech in schools even more - drugs

Weeks v US

established the exclusionary rule - evidence obtained illegally is inadmissable

Mapp v OH

individual states still violated exclusionary rule - INCORPORATED EXCLUSIONARY

MD v Garrison

established the honest mistake exception to the exclusionary rule

NJ v TLO

changed probable cause to reasonable suspicion in schools

Gideon v Wainwright

incorporated the right to counsel (6th amendment)

Miranda v AZ

right to have your rights read to you

NY Times v Sullivan

limits the first amendment more with the sullivan test against LIBEL: false, damaging, actual malice

Miller v CA

a landmark case that established a test for determining whether speech or expression can be limited based on obscenity

Texas v Johnson

made anti flag burning laws illegal

US v Nixon

established that executive privilege is not absolute

NY Times v US

upheld prohibition against prior restraint: cannot supress any materials prior to publication

Everson v Board of Education

incorporated the establishment clause - cannot restrict religious

Engel v Vitale

no recitation of prayer in public schools - establishment clause

Employment Division of OR vs Smith

free exercise was NARROWED

Wisconsin v Yoder

supported free exercise in schools

Masterpiece Cake v Colorado Civil Rights Commision

supported/upheld free exercise clause and allowed the cake service to refuse service on the basis of religion

DC v Heller

upheld the individual right to keep and bear arms BUT NOT ON THE NATIONAL LEVEL JUST DC

McDonald v Chicago

incoporated the second amendment (DC v Heller but national)

Plessy v Ferguson

separate but equal

Brown v Board of Education

ended segregation in schools de jure