MSM

What is the first strength of the MSM?

One strength is the robust research support it has received.

What does research support show?

It shows studies demonstrate STM and LTM are distinct memory stores.

What does the research include?

It includes Baddeley’s (1966) findings of STM’s acoustic coding errors and LTM’s semantic coding errors, plus Jacobs’ and Peterson’s studies.

What does this support suggest?

It suggests MSM’s claim of separate STM and LTM stores is valid, enhancing its credibility.

What is the first limitation of the MSM?

One limitation is that supporting studies may lack real-world applicability.

What does lacking applicability show?

It shows studies used artificial materials unlike everyday memory tasks.

What do artificial materials include?

They include digits (Jacobs, 1887), word lists (Baddeley, 1966), and consonant syllables (Peterson and Peterson, 1959).

What does this limitation suggest?

It suggests MSM’s validity is weakened for real-life memory where meaning matters.

What is the second limitation of the MSM?

Another limitation is evidence suggesting multiple STM stores.

What does multiple STM stores show?

It shows STM is not a single, unified store as MSM claims.

What does the evidence include?

It includes Shallice and Warrington’s (1970) study of KF, with poor auditory but better visual digit recall, and separate stores for sounds.

What does this evidence suggest?

It suggests MSM oversimplifies STM’s complexity, reducing its accuracy.

What is the third limitation of the MSM?

A further limitation is reliance on prolonged rehearsal for LTM transfer.

What does reliance on rehearsal show?

It shows the type of rehearsal is more critical than its amount.

What does the research include?

It includes Craik and Watkins’ (1973) finding that elaborative rehearsal, linking to knowledge, aids LTM storage.

What does this limitation suggest?

It suggests MSM fails to fully explain LTM transfer, limiting its comprehensiveness.

What is the fourth limitation of the MSM?

An additional limitation is that it is an outdated, oversimplified model.

What does being outdated show?

It shows MSM does not account for multiple memory stores.

What does newer research include?

It includes LTM having stores for facts and skills, plus multiple STM stores and rehearsal types.

What does this limitation suggest?

It suggests MSM’s simplicity makes it less relevant than modern memory models.