Fundamentals Exam 1

Decreasing risks of dangers or hazards to prevent accidents, injuries, mistakes, and harm. Factors for this include: age, mobility, sensory and cognitive awareness, ability to communicate, lifestyle awareness

Safety

Level of performance consistent with current evidence that increases efficiency and effectiveness for desire safety outcomes

Quality

This administration assures safe and healthful working conditions for working men and women by setting and enforcing standards and by providing training, outreach, education, and compliance assistance to prevent injuries/illnesses.

The occupational safety and health administration (OSHA)

Provides evidence supported recommendations on the prevention of worker injuries and illness; conducts research to advance safety, develops recommendations, provides training videos, and evaluates hazards. They're part of the CDC

The national institute for occupational safety and health (NIOSH)

LOC stands for

level of consciousness

RACE stands for

rescue, alarm, contain, extinguish

PASS stands for

Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory

physiological, safety, social, esteem, self-actualization

First priority of basic needs on maslows hierarchy of needs is

Physiological

Physiological needs are

food, water, warmth, rest

Second priority on maslows hierarchy of basic needs is

Safety needs

Safety needs are

security, safety

Basic needs on maslows hierarchy of needs

physiological needs and safety needs

Psychological needs on maslows hierarchy of needs

belongingness and love needs, esteem needs

First priority of psychological needs on maslows hierarchy of needs

Belongingness and love needs

Belongingness and love needs

intimate relationships, friends

Second priority of psychological needs on maslows hierarchy of needs

Esteem needs

Esteem needs are

Prestige and feeling of accomplishment

Last priority on maslows hierarchy of needs

Self-actualization/self fulfillment

self-actualization needs

achieving one's full potential, including creative activities

All clients should be evaluated for ________ upon admission

Falls

A fall assessment should be done

Upon admission and daily

You should round on fall risk patients how often?

Hourly

Lower patient to the ________ if fall happens while walking

Floor

Always check the patients' ___ before performing any procedure.

identification band

Always get at least ______ forms of identification from a patient

Two

How many side rails can you put up before it is considered a type of restraint?

2-3

If you restrain a patient, you must remove the restraint every

2 hours

Types of safety errors in healthcare

Diagnostic, treatment, preventative, communication, adverse

This error results in a delay in diagnosis, failure to employ indicated test, use of outmoded tests, or failure to act on results of monitoring or testing. EX: failing to report a high BP

Diagnostic error

This error occurs in the performance of an operation, procedure, or test; in administering a treatment in the dose or method of administering a drug, or in avoidable delay in treatment or in responding to an abnormal test. Ex not giving a medication in time

Treatment error

This type of error occurs when there are failures to provide prophylactic treatment and inadequate monitoring or follow up treatment ex: leaving side rails down that results in a fall

Preventative error

This type of error can lead to many types of errors due to misinterpretation or failure to read back an order. Ex: not verifying medication dosage

Communication error

This type of error is an unexpected harm from medical care rather than a disease. Ex bedsore, UTI, pneumonia

Adverse error

An unsafe situation that is indistinguishable from a preventable adverse event except for the outcome. A patient is exposed to a hazardous situation, but does not experience harm either through luck or early detection.

Near miss

Unexpected occurence involving death or serious injury; require immediate investigation and response ex: Pt suicide, surgery on wrong site, medication overdose, infant abduction

Sentinel event

What type of error? A verbal order for 0.5mg is misheard for 5mg and administered as such

Communication error

Error type: a patient under observation of a behavioral health unit dies by suicide

Sentinel event

Error type: A patient presents with chest pain but is misdiagnosed as indigestion

Diagnostic error

Error type: a high risk patients is not offered a pneumonia vaccine and later develops severe pneumonia requiring hospitalization

Preventative error

Error type: a patient with kidney disease is prescribed a nephrotoxic antibiotic without a dose adjustment

Treatment error

Error type: a nurse catches a look alike medication during barcode scanning

Near miss

Error type: a patient develops anaphylaxis after receiving a new antibiotic, despite no known allergy

Adverse error

An acute MI is a

Heart attack

Set of care or treatment standards that have been shown through research and EBP to decrease the risk of complications, prevent recurrence's, and improve patient clinical outcomes

Core measures

An example of core measure for ___________ is ASA on arrival and at discharge, beta blocker at discharge, ACE or ARB if patient has ventricular systolic dysfunction

Acute MI standard

Antibiotic in 6 hours of arrival, blood cultures before antibiotics, smoking cessation, oxygenation assessment

Pneumonia standard

Elective delivery not before 39 weeks, if baby is born early steroids for preterm labor, exclusive breast milk, newborn hearing screen

Perinatal care standard

ā

before

ac

before meals

Ad lib

as desired

ABG

arterial blood gas

ASA

aspirin

BID

twice a day

BM

bowel movement

BRP

bathroom privileges

Bx

biopsy

CA

cancer

CABG

coronary artery bypass graft

CBC

complete blood count

CBR

complete bed rest

CC

chief complaint

CCU

coronary care unit

C/O

complains of

COPD

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

CXR

chest x-ray

CVA

cerebrovascular accident

DAT

diet as tolerated

D/C

discontinue or discharge

Dx

diagnosis

EENT

eyes, ears, nose, throat

Gm

gram

Gtts

drops

GYN

gynecology

HOB

head of bed

hr

hour

HS

hour of sleep (bedtime)

Hx

history

ID

intradermal

IM

intramuscular

I/O

intake and output

IV

intravenous

kg

kilogram

mg

milligram

ml

milliliter

NKDA

no known drug allergies

NS

normal saline

N & V

nausea and vomiting

OOB

out of bed

NPO

nothing by mouth

PO

by mouth

oz

Ounce

p

after

P

pulse

pc

after meals

PRN

as needed

QHS

every night at bedtime

QID

four times a day

RBC

red blood cell

ROM

range of motion