Validity and Scales of Measurement

face validity

Measures whether a test looks like it tests what it is supposed to test.

content validity

refers to whether a measurement includes all the essential elements it needs to cover

construct validity

how well a test measures the concept it was designed to evaluate

criterion related reliability

how accurately a test measures the outcome it was designed to measure

concurrent validity

the extent of the agreement between two measures or assessments taken at the same time

predictive validity

the ability of a test or other measurement to predict a future outcome

Prescriptive validity

suggests the form of tx a patient should receive

ratio

an absolute number where 0 exists (weight, number of patients, blood pressure)

you can never have less than 0

interval

distance is meaningful, 0 does not mean an absence of

nominal

things that are named (blood type, eye color, breath sounds)

Ordinal

things that are ordered (Borg RPE, MMT, assist level)

specific order but not a precise measurement

Reliability

can it be repeatable and reproduced

Validity

does it measure what it's supposed to

In order to be valid, it has to be reliable but it does not have to be valid to be reliable

Sensitivity

measures true positives and rules OUT a condition (SnOUT)

Specificity

Measures true negatives and rules IN a condition (spIN)

blocked practice

a practice sequence in which individuals rehearse the same skill repeatedly

distributed practice

a learning technique where practice sessions are spread out over time rather than crammed into a single, long session.

massed practice

a practice schedule in which a skill continues for long periods, without interruption

variable practice

practice of a given task under differing conditions