Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders - Practice Questions

Peter is a clinical psychologist. When determining whether a client's behavior shows psychopathology, he should use all of the following criteria EXCEPT whether the 

a) client recognizes that he or she has a disorder

b) person is experiencing distress

c) behavior deviates from unusual cultural norms

d) client’s gender

a) client recognizes that he or she has a disorder

Dr. Clarkson is treating a client with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). He learns that the client’s parents divorced and she has never felt loved because her father left the family. By looking for the issues that led to the development of her OCD, Dr. Clarkson is 

a) making a diagnosis

b) attempting to determine etiology

c) attempting to assess function

d) making a prognosis

b) attempting to determine etiology

Mellie has not been out of the house in three weeks because she is afraid that people are following her and planning on hurting her, which makes her very worried. Mellie's neighbors are worried about her. Which of the following statements does NOT characterize Mellie's experience? 

a) Mellie’s fear is causing her to isolate herself

b) Her behavior is upsetting others

c) Her behavior may be adaptive

d) Her behavior is personally distressing

c) Her behavior may be adaptive

According to the diathesis-stress model, mental disorders are caused by both _______ and stress.

a) genetic factors

b) sociocultural factors

c) a predisposition to mental illness

d) lifestyle choices

c) a predisposition to mental illness

Dianne is convinced she has developed an anxiety disorder because she has an underlying biological condition that was brought out by living in a stressful environment, Dianne's belief about how she developed psychopathology is most consistent with

a) cognitive-behavioral model

b) psychoanalytic model

c) biopsychosocial model

d) diathesis-stress model

d) diathesis-stress model

According to the diathesis-stress model, which person is most likely to experience a depressed state?

a) Jane, who experienced neglection as a child and has low levels of stress at work

b) Janice, who has a family history of mental illness and was recently laid off from her job

c) Jaleesa, who had a pleasant childhood but now has high levels of stress at work

d) Jenny, who has no family history of mental illness and was recently laid off from her job

b) Janice, who has a family history of mental illness and was recently laid off from her job

Germaine has a nervous personality, This semester, he is enrolled in 18 credit hours while also studying his medical school exam. Although he never had them before, Germaine starts having panic attacks during exams. In this situation, the diathesis is _______, and the stressor is _______.

a) stressed personality; enrolling in 18 credit hours

b) anxious personality; studying for medical school exam

c) his personality; studying for medical school exam

d) introverted personality; taking exams

c) his personality; studying for medical school exam

After meeting with Ramie for several sessions, Dr. Morris discusses her prognosis. Dr. Morris is most likely talking about…

a) whether he has correctly diagnosed Ramie’s disorder

b) how Ramie’s mental disorder is defined

c) the future course and probable outcome of Ramie’s disorder

d) the cause of Ramie’s disorder

c) the future course and probable outcome of Ramie’s disorder

Emil Kraepelin is well-known in the field of psychology because he noticed that not all people with psychopathology were experiencing the same disorder. Further, he could identify different types of psychopathology by grouping clients' symptoms. Because of this classification system, Kraepelin's work is the basis for the

a) diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders

b) study of the etiology of mental disorders

c) biopsychological approach

d) diathesis-stress model

a) diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders

Dr. Leung gives all of her clients a questionnaire about sleeping and eating habits, daily activities, and emotional states. Based on this information, Dr. Leung can determine whether depressive symptoms are present. Dr. Leung is using ________ to assess psychopathology.

a) self-reports

b) psychological testing

c) physical examination

d) interview

a) self-reports

Jonah experiences nearly constant anxiety that is not associated with a specific thing. Jonah is most likely to be diagnosed with

a) PTSD: post-traumatic stress disorder

b) GAD: generalized anxiety disorder

c) OCD: obsessive-compulsive disorder

d) Bipolar disorder

b) Generalized anxiety disorder

Because Simone works with clients who have anxiety disorders, she knows that the key characteristic of this group of mental disorder is

a) irrational thoughts and beliefs

b) mood swings and emotional instability

c) feelings of increasing nervousness in the absence of threat

d) hallucinations and delusions

c) feelings of increasing nervousness in the absence of threat

Lisa has a normal response to stress when she is worried about losing her job. Lisa's reaction may become an anxiety disorder if it

a) goes undiagnosed

b) is excessive in the absence of a true threat

c) causes her to take a day off from work

d) makes her more social at work

b) is excessive in the absence of a true threat

Gloria sometimes finds herself experiencing episodes of sudden overpowering terror and worry that come out of nowhere and make her short of breath. Based on this, Gloria might be diagnosed with

a) obsessive-compulsive disorder

b) social anxiety disorder

c) post-traumatic stress disorder

d) panic disorder

d) panic disorder

Lillian is experiencing an anxiety disorder in which she is afraid of not being able to escape what she perceives to be a threatening situation. Based on this, Lillian is most likely to be diagnosed with

a) panic disorder

b) obsessive-compulsive disorder

c) post-traumatic stress disorder

d) agoraphobia

d) agoraphobia

Jared had to quit his job because while he was at work, he constantly worried about a wide variety of things, including what his wife and children were doing at home. In addition, he is easily distracted, often irritable, and sleep deprived. Jared is most likely to be diagnosed with…

a) GAD: generalized anxiety disorder

b) ADHD: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

c) MDD: major depressive disorder

d) OCD: obsessive-compulsive disorder

a) GAD: generalized anxiety disorder

When Valerie leaves her house, she experiences unwelcome thoughts that make her nervous, so she engages in repetitive behaviors that make her feel calmer so she can get into her car. Based on this, Valerie is most likely to be diagnosed with

a) GAD: generalized anxiety disorder

b) SAD: social anxiety disorder

c) OCD: obsessive-compulsive disorder

d) PTSD: post-traumatic stress disorder

c) OCD: obsessive-compulsive disorder

Fernando cannot stop worrying that a thief is going to break into his apartment, so he keeps checking the doors to make sure they are locked. Fernando's worrisome thoughts about a break-in are a(n) ________. The fact that Fernando checks the locks over and over is a(n) ________.

a) fear; habit

b) stress; routine

c)paranoia; obsession

d) obsession; compulsion

d) obsession; compulsion

Malcolm refuses to shake hands with strangers (or anyone else for that matter) because he is fearful that they will infect him with germs. Malcolm is displaying signs of

a) bacteriophobia

b) OCD: obsessive-compulsive disorder

c) Agoraphobia

d) Social Phobia

b) OCD: obsessive-compulsive disorder

Individuals diagnosed with depression tend to attribute negative outcomes to ________ and positive outcomes to ________.

a) external factors; luck

b) other; themselves

c) personal shortcomings; luck

d) errors in logic; luck

c) personal shortcomings; luck

Lithium has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of ________ disorders. However, clients frequently refuse to take this drug because it ________…

a) depressive; decreases the length of depressive episodes but make them more severe

b) bipolar; reduces their positive feelings

c) anxiety; increases their appetite for food

d) schizophrenia; decreases their sexual motivation

b) bipolar; reduces their positive feelings

According to the learned helplessness model of depression, some people with depression

a) feel empowered and in control of their environment

b) experience heightened sense of self-worth and confidence

c) believe that their environment is completely under their control

d) think they have no control over the outcomes of events they experience

d) think they have no control over the outcomes of events they experience

Carrie recently quit her job, packed up her car, and drove to Las Vegas, where she gambled away her entire life savings in 24 hours. Based on this, Carrie may be experiencing

a) a manic episode

b) depression

c) OCD

d) panic attack

a) a manic episode

Mary experiences long periods of time when she feels very depressed. However, she occasionally goes through phases where she is highly focused on her painting and she creates beautiful works that provide a rewarding experience to her. It is most likely that Mary would be diagnosed with ________ disorder.

a) Bipolar II

b) Schizophrenia

c) Bipolar I

d) Depressive

a) Bipolar II

John was recently diagnosed with schizophrenia. He frequently makes statements that are not logical and contain repeating rhyming words, such as "The train brain rained on me." In this example, John is displaying

a) disorganized speech

b) hallucinations

c) memory loss

d) delusions

a) disorganized speech

Nash believes he is a part of a secret spy organization that sends coded messages to its informants through television commercials. Based on this, Nash is most likely experiencing

a) a strong belief in conspiracy theories

b) a vivid imagination

c) delusions

d) a heightened sense of reality

c) delusions

Phoenix hears voices in his head that tell him to punch holes in the walls of his room. Because Phoenix is perceiving the voices without an external auditory stimulus, he is experiencing

a) loosening of associations

b) a hallucination

c) a delusion

d) apathy

b) a hallucination

Dwight is very apathetic toward others. He does not show much outward emotion, his speech is slow, and he speaks in a monotone. If Dwight has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, then what he is displaying are ________ symptoms.

a) affective

b) negative

c) cognitive

d) positive

b) negative

Dr. Clark is treating clients with schizophrenia who have disorganized speech. She notices that their speech

a) shifts rapidly between topics with no obvious logic

b) is similar to that of people with depressive disorders

c) is always very simple, like that of a child

d) incoherent

a) shifts rapidly between topics with no obvious logic

Caroline acts strangely and it interferes with her life. She uses an old grocery cart to collect trash from the street. She wears multiple layers of clothing even when it is hot outside. She frequently talks to herself in public. Caroline is most likely

a) displaying the disorganized behavior that is associated with schizophrenia

b) experiencing severe bipolar disorder

c) showing both obsessions and compulsions

d) going to be diagnosed with APD

a) displaying the disorganized behavior that is associated with schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is associated with an excess of receptor for

a) serotonin

b) acetylcholine

c) norepinephrine

d) dopamine

d) dopamine

Which of the following conditions would place you at the greatest risk of developing schizophrenia during your lifetime?

a) both of your parents have the disorder

b) your spouse has the disorder

c) there are generally higher rates of schizophrenia in your culture

d) your fraternal twin has the disorder

a) both of your parents have the disorder

Compared with people who do not develop schizophrenia, people who develop schizophrenia

a) tend to be higher functioning intellectually as children

b) show more negative emotions and motor disturbances as children

c) seek treatment at a younger age

d) are more likely to take their medicine

b) show more negative emotions and motor disturbances as children

Which of the following is NOT a factor that is thought to influence schizophrenia?

a) childhood trauma

b) environmental factors

c) birth order

d) abnormal levels of dopamine

c) birth order

Aaron has been diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. Aaron is most likely experiencing

a) depression and anxiety

b) schizophrenia and hallucinations

c) obsessive-compulsions disorder and perfectionism

d) disturbances in identity, emotional instability, and impulse control

d) disturbances in identity, emotional instability, and impulse control

When Billy meets with his therapist, he makes statements showing that he likes to manipulate other people, is a good liar, and always needs immediate gratification. Billy's disregard for social norms and the feelings of others means that his therapist is most likely to diagnose him with ________ personality disorder.

a) narcissistic

b) borderline

c) obsessive-compulsive

d) anti-social

d) anti-social

Sharon has a history of having highly negative emotional reactions when her relationships are disrupted, and she often acts impulsively. Sharon is most likely to be diagnosed with ________ personality disorder.

a) narcissistic

b) borderline

c) obsessive-compulsive

d) anti-social

b) borderline

Mario has always tended to have "love-hate" relationships with people who are close to him and constantly worries about people leaving him. Thus, he smothers them with affection only to feel rejected and disappointed when they back away from this behavior. Mario has threatened to commit suicide several times and most people view him as emotionally unstable. Based on this, Mario might be diagnosed with ________ personality disorder.

a) narcissistic

b) borderline

c) schizoid

d) anti-social

b) borderline

Dr. Padgett meets a new client who has antisocial personality disorder. The client most likely has…

a) a lack of empathy and remorse

b) mood swings and impulsivity

c) excessive worry and fear

d) hallucinations and delusions

a) a lack of empathy and remorse

Which of the following behavioral characteristics would tell you that a friend of yours is experiencing antisocial personality disorder rather than some other personality disorder?

a) He has a weak sense of self and does not like to be alone.

b) He is uncaring toward others and focused on pleasure.

c) He shifts quickly form one mood to another without any obvious reason.

d) He engages in self-mutilation and is very impulsive

b) He is uncaring toward others and focused on pleasure

Ralph sometimes experiences disruptions to his identity, memory, and conscious awareness. Because of this he may be diagnosed with

a) schizophrenia

b) bipolar disorder

c) DID: dissociative identity disorder

d) OCD: obsessive-compulsive disorder

c) DID: dissociative identity disorder

Janelle is in jail for assault but she consistently tells the police that she does not remember arguing with her boyfriend or hitting him with her car. In fact, she cannot remember anything that happened over the last two days. If Janelle is telling the truth, then she may be experiencing dissociative…

a) dementia

b) insomnia

c) amnesia

d) hallucinations

c) amnesia

Throughout her childhood, 12-year-old Carmella has experienced problems affecting her emotions and learning ability. It is most likely that Carmella is experiencing a

a) disorder of self

b) personality disorder

c) neurodevelopmental disorder

d) disorder of thought

c) neurodevelopmental disorder

Augustine's first-grade teacher tells his parents that he is "out of control" at school because he frequently interrupts his classmates, does not follow directions, and acts impulsively. Augustine's parents are worried he has…

a) Autism Spectrum Disorder

b) Giftedness

c) Oppositional Defiant Disorder

d) A Neurodevelopmental Disorder

d) A Neurodevelopmental Disorder

Juan has extreme difficulty using his math skills when compared with other students his age. However, his performance in other subject areas is above average. If Juan has a neurodevelopmental disorder, he is most likely to be diagnosed with a(n)

a) Dysgraphia

b) Dyslexia

c) ADHD

d) Specific Learning Disorder

d) Specific Learning Disorder

Emily's teacher sees that she is struggling in most subjects, has trouble understanding directions, and has problems with her adaptive functioning. The teacher is concerned that Emily has a(n)

a) learning disability

b) autism spectrum disorder

c) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

d) intellectual disability

d) intellectual disability

Two-year-old Antonina's parents notice that she rarely says any words and has never really made eye contact with them. She is intensely preoccupied with the buttons and zippers on clothing and pays little attention to anything else. Antonina

a) could be at risk for intellectual disability

b) could be diagnosed with autism

c) could be diagnosed with ADHD

d) could be at a higher risk for motor disorder

b) could be diagnosed with autism

Which of the following children would have the most difficult time making an emotional connection with other children?

a) Tommy, who has ADHD

b) Corey, who has a motor disorder

c) Chad, who has autism

d) Warren, who has a specific learning disorder

c) Chad, who has autism

Jacob has clear symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and has trouble concentrating and stopping his impulsive actions. Jacob's behavior resembles that of people with damage in the

a) prefrontal cortex

b) frontal lobe

c) temporal lobe

d) parietal lobe

b) frontal lobe

Dara is always on the move! She has a hard time sitting still in her desk at school and often has difficulty finding classmates to play with because she misses social cues and is impulsive. Based on this, Dara is most likely to be diagnosed with

a) Anxiety disorder

b) Autism Spectrum Disorder

c) Depression

d) ADHD

d) ADHD