geography mid-term exam (gr.9)

What is population density?

The average amount of people living in an area, typically calculated as people per square kilometer (people/km2).

What is the difference between continuous and discontinuous ecumene?

A continuous ecumene has permanent settlements along features like rivers or roads, while a discontinuous ecumene consists of patches of settlement in sparse areas.

Define population distribution and its types.

Population distribution refers to how a population is spread out in an area. The types include dispersed (evenly spread), concentrated (clustered), and linear (settled along a line).

What are CMAs?

Census Metropolitan Areas, which are areas with a population over 100,000, typically centered around a city.

What theory explains the movement of Earth's outer shell?

Plate tectonics.

What occurs at divergent plate boundaries?

Two plates move away from each other, usually along the mid-ocean ridge.

What is subduction in plate tectonics?

Subduction is when the denser oceanic plate slides underneath the continental plate at convergent boundaries.

Describe the rock cycle.

The rock cycle involves the creation of igneous rock from cooling magma, followed by weathering, erosion, sedimentation, compaction and cementation of sediments to form sedimentary rocks, and metamorphism under heat and pressure to form metamorphic rocks, which can melt back into magma.

What is glaciation and its effects?

Glaciation shapes landscapes and creates landforms, with erosional effects (removing materials) and depositional effects (depositing debris).

What is the Western Cordillera?

A landform region in British Columbia and the Yukon created by subduction, characterized by volcanic activity, plateaus, valleys, and heavy lumber industry.

Define latitude and its impact on climate.

Latitude affects climate by distributing the sun's energy; further from the equator, the colder it gets due to the spread of solar rays.

How do ocean currents affect land temperature?

Ocean currents moderate land temperature since water heats and cools slower than land, causing coastal areas to have milder winters and cooler summers.

What is the effect of elevation on temperature?

As elevation increases, temperature decreases because rising air expands and loses heat.

What is a natural resource?

A natural resource is anything from the natural environment that becomes useful to humans.

What are the 3R's in waste management?

The 3R's are recycling, reusing, and reducing, which are strategies to divert waste.

What is urbanization?

Urbanization is the growth in the percentage of a country’s population living in cities or towns.

Define greenbelts in urban planning.

Greenbelts are protected pieces of agricultural land built around cities to prevent urban sprawl.

What is the ecological footprint?

The ecological footprint measures the demands an individual makes on the environment.

What does the Happy Planet Index assess?

The Happy Planet Index measures how well a country provides long life expectancy, high quality of life, and sustainability for its residents.