Russia FULL Dates

1860s

More women discussed revolutionary issues in Russia

1860s

Government expenditure on the army is a 1/3 of its budget

1855

Press the was allowed to print editorial with comment on government policy for the first time

1856

Alexander told the Marshalls of the Nobility that it was better to abolish serfdom from above

1856-1878

1 millions attending schools

1857-9

Peasant disturbances on news of the emancipation

1850-70

Turgenev

1860-80

Dostoyevsky

1860s-1890s

Tolstoy

1861

Emancipation of the Serfs

1862

Fires occurred in St Petersburg

1863

Trade promoted with the reduction of import duties

1863

The Wanderers

1863

The “organisation” founded Moscow

1863

Polish uprising against the pro-Russian government

1864-70

Local government reforms

1864-65

Judicial reform

1861-81

Military reform

1866

Ministry of Education took some control of schools away from zemstva; restrictions and crackdown in universities

1864 and 1875

Baltic states, Estonians and Latvians could revert to Lutheranism

1860

Censorship under the control of the ministry of internal affairs

1865

Press and book publishers had some restrictions reduced (e.g., approval for a new title)

1862-78

Mikhail von Reutern

1868-69

Nikolai Tchaikovsky circle was active

1869

"Historical Letters" published

1871

Caspian Sea Port of Baku (Oil extraction)

1870s

Narodniks movement emerged

1876

Narodniks attempt to “go to the people”; Trial of 50 & Trial of 193

1876

All publications in Ukrainene are restricted

1878

Trial of Vera Zasulich

1879

Black Partition formed

1879

Naphtha Nobel brothers (exploit coal extraction further)

1881

Alexander II assassinated; Okhrana established; Manifesto of Unshakeable Autocracy

1881

Ignatiev labels Jews as “alien forces”

1881-1905

Pogroms in the pale

1883

Peasant's Land Bank formed; grain production grew 2.1% annually (until 1914)

Emancipation of the Labour Group

1884

Alexander Ulyanov's assassination attempt; University Statue enacted

1884

Ukrainian theatres are closed

1885

Factory act prohibiting nighttime employment of women and children

1885

Only Polish national language and Catholicism could be taught in Polish - the rest of the curriculum was Russian; Polish National bank closed

1885-1889

Measures introduced to enforce Russian languages in all state offices, elementary school, secondary schools, police force and judicial system in BALTIC STATES

1887

Factory act: the working day is limited to 11.5 hours

1887-92

Ivan Vyshnegradsky in power

1891

Moscow Jews were expelled

1892

Uprising in Guriya, Georgia suppressed

1892

Finnish Diet reorganised to weaken its political nature

1889-91

Famine years in Russia

1890

Zemstva Act passed

1890-1905

Pobedonestev as "Over Procurator"

1891

30% duty on raw materials; student demonstrations

1892

Russian budget surplus

1892

The Polish socialist party is founded

1892-1903

Sergei Witte in power

1896-97

Worker's strikes

1897

Gold standard adopted

1897

The Jewish Bund play a role in the social democratic movement

1898

Famine in Russia

Plekhanov Translated Marx’s work

1898

Bobrikov attempts integrating Finland into the empire by abolishing the separate army and abolishing the Finnish secretariat

1899

State controlled 70% railways; 10,000 workers striking; factory police created

1900

Recession began; 1/3 foreign capital in joint-stock companies

1900

Women have greater independence through factory work

1903

Liberals form the Union of Liberation

1904

Assassination of the Minister of Interior Plehve by SRs

1900-1905

Avant-Garde movement

1901-1905

SRs assassinate 2,000 officials

1901

Zubatov Trade Unions formed

1902

Okhrana publishes the “protocols of the Elders on Zion”

1903

Odessa strike led to Zubatov's dismissal

1903

The worst Jewish Pogrom in Kishinev; 47 Jews were killed the same day

1904

Russian life and soul

1904

The Cherry Orchard

1904

16 people in the average apartment St Petersburg

1904

Bobrikov is assassinated

1905

Revolution of 1905; 27% landlord land to peasants; Electoral Laws

1905

Poles took 25% of industrial output; growth of the working class and Marxist ideas

1905

Chekhov explores the new bourgeoisie in his play; growth of modernism

1906

Stolypin's agrarian reforms; article 87; Fundamental Laws; Stolypin field martial courts

1906

Association of Industry and Trade

April-June 1906

First Duma

July 1906

Vyborg appeal

February-June 1907

The Second Duma

1908

Universal education law

1908

First All Russia Congress of Women

1908

Finland’s provincial status is curtailed by Stolypin

1908-1909

Outbreak of Cholera

1907-1912

Third Duma

1912-1914

Fourth Duma

1909-11

Domestic investment 3x foreign investment

1911

Convinces Tsar to suspend Duma for Zemstva in Western Pronvinces; Stolypin assassinated

1911

44% of children 8-11 receiving primary education (1/3 girls)

1912

Lena Goldfields Massacre

1891-1913

Agricultural machinery investment grew 9%

1914

2000 innovative and successful entrepreneurs

1914

Russia: 4th in coal/iron/steel; largest cereal exporter; 20M peasant farmers

1914

40% illiteracy; govt expenditure in education increases from 5m to 82m

1914-16

Food/fuel prices 4x; wages 2x; matched German shells; artillery/rifles +1000%

1916

Only 1/3 required food/fuel available

1917

Russian Revolution