5.5 The components of innate immunity

what are pathogen-associated molecular patterns?

molecules that are found in pathogens but are not found in. host, allowing them to be recognised foreign

what is phagocytosis?

bulk movement of solid material into cells where the cell engulfs a particle to form a phagosome

what are the components involved in the second line of defence?

• immune cells

• soluble proteins

• inflammation

what are leukocytes

• white blood cells that are involved in protecting the body from infectious diseases

what are the types of leukocytes?

• natural killed cells

• mast cells

• eosinophils

• phagocytic - macophages - neutrophils - dendritic

what are the steps involved in phagocytosis?

1. The pathogen is identified by a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) and engulfed by outfoldings of the plasma membrane of the phagocyte.

2. The pathogen is engulfed in a vesicle called a phagosome.

3. Lysosomes fuse with the phagosome (forming a phagolysosome).

4. Toxic chemicals from the lysosome (include free radicals, lysozymes and proteases) digest and destroy the pathogen.

5. Indigestible material is discharged from the phagocytic cell by a process of exocytosis.

what’s the pattern recognition receptor (PRP)?

protein receptors represent on phagocytic cells of the innate immune system that enable these cells to recognise and bind to pathogens with recognition being at.a generic

what is a phagosome?

a membrane-bound descale formed within a phagocytic cell that encloses the engulfed pathogen