Netter's Head and Neck Muscular System

1

Sternocleidomastoid

• Origin: Manubrium (sternal head), clavicle (clavicular head)

• Insertion: Mastoid process, superior nuchal line

• Action: Tilts and rotates head; flexes neck; aids forced inspiration

2

Digastric (Posterior Belly)

• Origin: Mastoid notch

• Insertion: Intermediate tendon to hyoid

• Action: Depresses mandible, elevates hyoid; active in swallowing and chewing

3

Mylohyoid

• Origin: Mylohyoid line of mandible

• Insertion: Hyoid bone and median raphe

• Action: Elevates mouth floor; assists hyoid elevation and mandible depression

4

Digastric (Anterior Belly)

• Origin: Mandible (digastric fossa)

• Insertion: Intermediate tendon to hyoid

• Action: Depresses mandible, elevates hyoid

5

Stylohyoid

• Origin: Styloid process

• Insertion: Hyoid bone

• Action: Elevates and retracts hyoid (implied)

6

Platysma (cut)

• Origin/Insertion: Subcutaneous tissue

• Action: Tenses skin of neck (implied)

1

Sternohyoid

• Origin: Manubrium, clavicle

• Insertion: Hyoid bone

• Action: Depresses hyoid

2

Omohyoid (Superior Belly)

• Origin: Intermediate tendon

• Insertion: Hyoid bone

• Action: Depresses hyoid; may tense cervical fascia

3

Omohyoid (Inferior Belly)

• Origin: Scapula

• Insertion: Intermediate tendon

• Action: Depresses hyoid; may tense cervical fascia

4

trachea

5

Sternohyoid (cut)

• Origin: Manubrium, clavicle

• Insertion: Hyoid bone

• Action: Depresses hyoid

6

thyroid gland

7

cricoid cartilage

8

Thyrohyoid

• Origin: Thyroid cartilage

• Insertion: Hyoid bone

• Action: Moves hyoid and larynx during speech and swallowing

9

internal jugular vein

10

Mylohyoid

• Origin: Mylohyoid line of mandible

• Insertion: Hyoid bone and median raphe

• Action: Elevates mouth floor; assists hyoid elevation and mandible depression

11

Digastric (Anterior Belly)

• Origin: Mandible (digastric fossa)

• Insertion: Intermediate tendon to hyoid

• Action: Depresses mandible, elevates hyoid

12

hyoid bone

13

facial vein

14

Thyrohyoid

• Origin: Thyroid cartilage

• Insertion: Hyoid bone

• Action: Moves hyoid and larynx during speech and swallowing

1

Sternothyroid

• Origin: Manubrium, first rib cartilage

• Insertion: Thyroid cartilage

• Action: Moves larynx; aids in swallowing and speech

2

Thyrohyoid

• Origin: Thyroid cartilage

• Insertion: Hyoid bone

• Action: Moves hyoid and larynx during speech and swallowing

3

Digastric (Posterior Belly)

• Origin: Mastoid notch

• Insertion: Intermediate tendon to hyoid

• Action: Depresses mandible, elevates hyoid; active in swallowing and chewing

4

Stylohyoid

• Origin: Styloid process

• Insertion: Hyoid bone

• Action: Elevates and retracts hyoid (implied)

5

Mylohyoid

• Origin: Mylohyoid line of mandible

• Insertion: Hyoid bone and median raphe

• Action: Elevates mouth floor; assists hyoid elevation and mandible depression

6

Digastric (Anterior Belly)

• Origin: Mandible (digastric fossa)

• Insertion: Intermediate tendon to hyoid

• Action: Depresses mandible, elevates hyoid

7

Thyrohyoid

• Origin: Thyroid cartilage

• Insertion: Hyoid bone

• Action: Moves hyoid and larynx during speech and swallowing

8

hyoid bone

9

thyroid cartilage

10

Omohyoid (Superior Belly)

• Origin: Intermediate tendon

• Insertion: Hyoid bone

• Action: Depresses hyoid; may tense cervical fascia

11

cricoid cartilage

12

thyroid gland (isthmus)

13

trachea

14

Sternohyoid (cut)

• Origin: Manubrium, clavicle

• Insertion: Hyoid bone

• Action: Depresses hyoid

1

Omohyoid (Superior & Inferior Bellies)

• Origin: Scapula (inferior belly), intermediate tendon (superior belly)

• Insertion: Intermediate tendon (inferior), hyoid bone (superior)

• Action: Depresses hyoid; may tense cervical fascia

2

Sternohyoid

• Origin: Manubrium, clavicle

• Insertion: Hyoid bone

• Action: Depresses hyoid

3

Thyrohyoid

• Origin: Thyroid cartilage

• Insertion: Hyoid bone

• Action: Moves hyoid and larynx during speech and swallowing

4

Stylohyoid

• Origin: Styloid process

• Insertion: Hyoid bone

• Action: Elevates and retracts hyoid (implied)

5

Digastric (Posterior Belly)

• Origin: Mastoid notch

• Insertion: Intermediate tendon to hyoid

• Action: Depresses mandible, elevates hyoid; active in swallowing and chewing

6

Sternocleidomastoid

• Origin: Manubrium (sternal head), clavicle (clavicular head)

• Insertion: Mastoid process, superior nuchal line

• Action: Tilts and rotates head; flexes neck; aids forced inspiration

7

Scalenus (Anterior, Medius, Posterior)

• Origin: Cervical transverse processes

• Insertion: First rib

• Action: Flexes and rotates neck; elevates rib (inspiration)

1

Stylohyoid

• Origin: Styloid process

• Insertion: Hyoid bone

• Action: Elevates and retracts hyoid (implied)

2

Thyrohyoid

• Origin: Thyroid cartilage

• Insertion: Hyoid bone

• Action: Moves hyoid and larynx during speech and swallowing

3

Omohyoid (Superior & Inferior Bellies)

• Origin: Scapula (inferior belly), intermediate tendon (superior belly)

• Insertion: Intermediate tendon (inferior), hyoid bone (superior)

• Action: Depresses hyoid; may tense cervical fascia

4

Sternohyoid

• Origin: Manubrium, clavicle

• Insertion: Hyoid bone

• Action: Depresses hyoid

5

hyoid bone (body)

6

mylohyoid raphe

7

trochlea for intermediate tendon of digastric muscle

8

Digastric (Anterior Belly)

• Origin: Mandible (digastric fossa)

• Insertion: Intermediate tendon to hyoid

• Action: Depresses mandible, elevates hyoid

9

Mylohyoid

• Origin: Mylohyoid line of mandible

• Insertion: Hyoid bone and median raphe

• Action: Elevates mouth floor; assists hyoid elevation and mandible depression

10

Hyoglossus

• Origin: Hyoid bone

• Insertion: Side of tongue

• Action: Depresses and retracts tongue

11

ramus of the mandible

12

coronoid process

13

mastoid process

14

Digastric (Posterior Belly)

• Origin: Mastoid notch

• Insertion: Intermediate tendon to hyoid

• Action: Depresses mandible, elevates hyoid; active in swallowing and chewing

1

Digastric (Anterior and Posterior Bellies)

• Origin: Anterior Belly: mandible (digastric fossa), posterior belly: mastoid notch

• Insertion: Intermediate tendon to hyoid

• Action: Depresses mandible, elevates hyoid (posterior: active in swallowing and chewing)

2

mastoid process

3

external acoustic meatus

4

styloid process of temporal bone

5

coronoid process

6

ramus of mandible

7

mental foramen

8

trochlea for intermediate tendon of digastric muscle

9

Sternohyoid

• Origin: Manubrium, clavicle

• Insertion: Hyoid bone

• Action: Depresses hyoid

10

Omohyoid (Superior & Inferior Bellies)

• Origin: Scapula (inferior belly), intermediate tendon (superior belly)

• Insertion: Intermediate tendon (inferior), hyoid bone (superior)

• Action: Depresses hyoid; may tense cervical fascia

11

Thyrohyoid

• Origin: Thyroid cartilage

• Insertion: Hyoid bone

• Action: Moves hyoid and larynx during speech and swallowing

12

Mylohyoid

• Origin: Mylohyoid line of mandible

• Insertion: Hyoid bone and median raphe

• Action: Elevates mouth floor; assists hyoid elevation and mandible depression

13

Hyoglossus

• Origin: Hyoid bone

• Insertion: Side of tongue

• Action: Depresses and retracts tongue

14

Stylohyoid

• Origin: Styloid process

• Insertion: Hyoid bone

• Action: Elevates and retracts hyoid (implied)

1

Scalenus (Anterior, Medius, Posterior)

• Origin: Cervical transverse processes

• Insertion: First rib

• Action: Flexes and rotates neck; elevates rib (inspiration)

1

Longus Capitis

• Origin: Cervical transverse processes

• Insertion: Occipital bone

• Action: Flexes head

2

Longus Colli

• Origin: Cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae

• Insertion: Cervical vertebrae and atlas

• Action: Flexes neck

3

Scalenus (Anterior, Medius, Posterior)

• Origin: Cervical transverse processes

• Insertion: First rib

• Action: Flexes and rotates neck; elevates rib (inspiration)

4

atlas

5

axis

1

Frontalis muscle (cut)

• Origin: Epicranial aponeurosis (galea aponeurotica)

• Insertion: Skin of the forehead and eyebrows

• Action: Elevates eyebrows and wrinkles forehead (surprise expression)

2

Orbicularis oculi muscle

• Origin: Medial orbital margin, medial palpebral ligament, lacrimal bone

• Insertion: Skin around the orbit, eyelids

• Action: Closes eyelids (forcefully or gently)

3

Orbicularis oris muscle

• Origin: Medial aspects of maxilla and mandible; modiolus

• Insertion: Skin and mucous membrane of lips

• Action: Closes, protrudes, and compresses lips (kissing, speaking)

4

Mentalis muscle

• Origin: Incisive fossa of mandible

• Insertion: Skin of chin

• Action: Elevates and protrudes lower lip (pouting)

5

Depressor labii inferioris

• Origin: Anterolateral body of mandible

• Insertion: Skin of lower lip

• Action: Depresses lower lip

6

Depressor anguli oris

• Origin: Oblique line of mandible

• Insertion: Modiolus at angle of mouth

• Action: Depresses angle of mouth (frowning)

1

Occipitalis muscle

• Origin: Lateral two-thirds of superior nuchal line of occipital bone and mastoid process of temporal bone

• Insertion: Epicranial aponeurosis

• Action: Pulls scalp posteriorly

2

Auricularis posterior muscle

• Origin: Mastoid process of temporal bone

• Insertion: Posterior part of auricle

• Action: Pulls ear backward

3

Auricularis superior muscle

• Origin: Epicranial aponeurosis

• Insertion: Upper part of the auricle

• Action: Elevates ear

4

Auricularis anterior muscle

• Origin: Temporal fascia

• Insertion: Helix of the ear

• Action: Pulls ear forward

5

Levator nasolabialis (partially cut away)

• Origin: Maxilla above canine fossa

• Insertion: Upper lip and ala of nose

• Action: Elevates upper lip and flares nostrils

6

Levator labii superioris

• Origin: Inferior margin of orbit (maxilla) above infraorbital foramen

• Insertion: Upper lip

• Action: Elevates upper lip

7

Zygomaticus minor muscle

• Origin: Anterior part of zygomatic bone

• Insertion: Upper lip just medial to corner of mouth

• Action: Elevates upper lip

8

Zygomaticus major muscle

• Origin: Lateral aspect of zygomatic bone

• Insertion: Modiolus at angle of mouth

• Action: Elevates corner of mouth (smiling)

9

Risorius muscle

• Origin: Fascia over parotid gland

• Insertion: Modiolus at angle of mouth

• Action: Retracts angle of mouth (smiling or grimacing)

10

Depressor anguli oris

• Origin: Oblique line of mandible

• Insertion: Modiolus at angle of mouth

• Action: Depresses angle of mouth (frowning)

11

Platysma

• Origin: Fascia of upper thorax and lower neck

• Insertion: Inferior border of mandible, skin of cheek

• Action: Tenses skin of neck, depresses mandible, draws down lower lip

1

Buccinator

• Origin: Alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible, and pterygomandibular raphe

• Insertion: Modiolus and orbicularis oris

• Action: Compresses cheek (blowing, chewing); keeps food between occlusal surfaces

2

Zygomaticus minor muscle

• Origin: Anterior part of zygomatic bone

• Insertion: Upper lip just medial to corner of mouth

• Action: Elevates upper lip

3

Zygomaticus major muscle

• Origin: Lateral aspect of zygomatic bone

• Insertion: Modiolus at angle of mouth

• Action: Elevates corner of mouth (smiling)

4

Depressor anguli oris

• Origin: Oblique line of mandible

• Insertion: Modiolus at angle of mouth

• Action: Depresses angle of mouth (frowning)

5

Depressor labii inferioris

• Origin: Anterolateral body of mandible

• Insertion: Skin of lower lip

• Action: Depresses lower lip

6

Mentalis muscle

• Origin: Incisive fossa of mandible

• Insertion: Skin of chin

• Action: Elevates and protrudes lower lip (pouting)

7

Levator nasolabialis

• Origin: Maxilla above canine fossa

• Insertion: Upper lip and ala of nose

• Action: Elevates upper lip and flares nostrils

8

Levator labii superioris

• Origin: Inferior margin of orbit (maxilla) above infraorbital foramen

• Insertion: Upper lip

• Action: Elevates upper lip