GENBIO EXAMS

PROKARYOTIC CELLS (PRO: BEFORE, KARYON: NUT OR KERNEL)

it helps recycle nutrients by decomposing dead organisms.

PROKARYOTIC RDNA 

it is a single ring of DNA, is only about 0.1 percent of the amount of DNA in a eukaryotic cell.

PROKARYOTIC CELLS

the oldest life forms on earth, this cell uses pili and fimbriae

EUKARYOTIC CELLS (EU: TRUE, KARYON: NUT OR KERNEL)

it can be single-celled organisms or multicellular organisms.

PROTISTS, FUNGI, PLANTS, ANIMALS

domain in eukarya

HUMONGOUS FUNGUS 

it is the largest organism on earth is a eukaryote nicknamed ___ 

LINEAR CHROMOSONES 

__ contrasting with the single ring of rDNA in prokaryotes 

GRYPANIA (1.874 BILLION YEARS AGO)

it is the oldest eukaryote

MICHIGAN IRON MINE

it is where the fossils of grypania was discovered

GENETIC MATERIAL (DNA)

it is enclosed in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the nucleoid region of prokaryotes.

PEPTIDOGLYCAN

what is the cell wall of prokaryotes made up of?

CELLULOSE AND CHITIN

what is the cell wall of eukaryotes made up of?

ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM (PRESENT IN ONLY EUKARYOTIC CELLS) 

It includes the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi

apparatus, lysosome, and vacuole.

EUKARYOTES

this have more than one chromosomes

PROKARYOTES

this has only one chromosome

PLASMID

it is an extra chromosomal DNA

10-100 MICRONS

eukaryotic cells size

1-5 MICRON/MICROMETERS

prokaryotic cells size 

MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS

it is where individual cells of eukaryotic cells reproduce

BINARY FISSION AND SPORES

it is where individual cells of prokaryotic cells reproduce

NON-MOTILE, MULTICELLULAR, AUTOTROPHIC/PRODUCES, SEXUAL AND ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION, FOOD SOURCE 

characteristics of plants 

THALLOPHYTA 

lack of well differentiated body structure and the body is thallus like.

BRYOPHYTA

“amphibians of plant kingdom”. They do not have vascular tissues, has no xylem and phloem

PTERIDOPHYTA

have well differentiated plant body

GYMNOSPERMS

vascular plants that posses “exposed seeds or naked seed”.

ANGIOSPERMS 

vascular plants that possess flowers and fruits

CRYPTOGRAMS, PHANEROGRAMS 

2 groups of kingdom plantae 

CRYPTOGRAMS

non-flowering and non- seed-bearing plants

PHANEROGRAMS

flowering and seed- bearing plants

EUKARYOTIC, MULTICELLULAR, MOTILE, AEROBIC?CELLULAR RESPIRATION, CONSUMER, IVERTIBRATES AND VERTIBRATES 

characteristics of animals 

FUNGI

They are considered as decomposers.

HYPHAE

this is what you call the thin white filaments that the fungi produces

SPORES OR BUDDING

this is where fungi reproduces

PROTISTS

it cannot be classified as animals, plants or fungi. They are asexually reproduction and loco mote. 

CHRYSOPHYTES, DINOFLAGELLATES, SLIME MOULDS, EUGLENA, PROTOZOA 

5 major groups protists 

CHRYSOPHYTES 

this group comprises of the diatoms and golden algae (desmids), we can find them in fresh water

DINOFLAGELLATES

organisms that are usually marine and photosynthetic

SLIME MOULDS

organisms that are saprophytic protists.

EUGLENA

mostly freshwater organism.

PROTOZOA

protist with animal-like characteristics.

MONERA

all are primitive prokaryotic organisms, they are also generally unicellular and do not contain a true nucleus

ARCHAEBACTERIA

kinds of bacteria that can live in extreme habitats or environments such as hot springs, marshy areas, and salty areas.

EUBACTERIA

bacteria that can be found everywhere. This are also called true bacteria.

HALOPHILES, THERMOPHILES, ACIDOPHILES, METHANOGENS

examples of archaebacteria

COCCI, BACILLI, SPIRILLA

examples of eubacteria

ARCHAEBACTERIA, EUBACTERIA

2 main groups of monerans

HALOPHILES

lives in very salty environment

THERMOPHILES

lives in very hot places

ACIDOPHILES

prefer acidic environment

METHANOGENS

bacteria that produce methane as waste product