Exam 6 - Free Response (lec 24-28)

What are the tunics of the small intestine? What is the histology of each tunic?

• Tunica Mucosa: Simple Columnar Epithelium

  • Lamina Propria: Areolar Connective Tissue

  • Muscularis Mucosa: Smooth Muscle Tissue

• Tunica Submucosa: Areolar Connective Tissue and elastic fibers

• Tunica Muscularis: Smooth Muscle Tissue

• Tunica Serous: Simple Squamous Epithelium & Areolar Connective Tissue

What sphincters are associated with the anus? What is the histology of each? Nervous system control?

• Internal anal sphincter: smooth muscle tissue, autonomic nervous system

• External anal sphincter: skeletal muscle tissue, somatic nervous system

What are the digestive functions of the pancreas?Endocrine?

Digestive

- Sodium Bicarbonate: neutralize the stomach acid

- Pancreatic Amylase: digest starch

- Trypsin: digest protein

- Lipase: digest fat

Endocrine

- produces & secretes the hormones insulin

What is the pathway of food movement throughout the digestive system? Link together all

structures and their functions

1. Mouth: mechanical & chemical digestion

2. Oro/laryngopharynx: passageway from mouth to esophagus

3. Esophagus: passageway from laryngopharynx to stomach

4. Stomach: mechanical & chemical digestion

5. Duodenum: chemical digestion

6. Jejunum: absorption of nutrients

7. Ileum: absorption of nutrients

8. Cecum: absorption of water & vitamins

9. Ascending colon: absorption of water & vitamins

10. Transverse colon: absorption of water & vitamins

11. Descending colon: absorption of water & vitamins

12. Sigmoid colon: absorption of water & vitamins

13. Rectum: storage of fecal matter

14. Anus: defecation/elimination

Using a flowchart, diagram blood flow through the kidney

Abdominal aorta → Renal Artery → Segmental Artery → Interlobar Artery→ Arcuate Artery → Cortical Radiate Artery → Afferent Arteriole → Glomerulus → Efferent Arteriole → Vasa Recta → Cortical Radiate Vein → Arcuate Vein → Interlobar Vein → Renal Vein → Inferior vena cava

Using a flowchart, diagram flow of filtrate through the nephron. Be sure the include the functions of each part of the nephron

• Bowman’s Capsule; filtration →

• Proximal Convoluted Tubule; reabsorption →

• Loop of Henle; reabsorption →

• Distal Convoluted Tubule; secretion →

• Collecting duct; secretion

What are the tissue layers of the ureter? What is the histology and function of each layer?

• Tunica Adventitia: Fibrous & Adipose Connective Tissue

Function: cushioning

• Tunica Muscularis: smooth muscle tissue

Function: peristalsis 

• Tunica Mucosa: transitional epithelium

Function: stretch

What are the tissue layers of the urinary bladder? What is the histology of each layer?

• Tunica Adventitia: Fibrous & Adipose Connective Tissue

• Tunica Muscularis: smooth muscle tissue

• Tunica Mucosa: transitional epithelium

For each of the urethral sphincters, state their histology and nervous system control type.

• Internal Urethral Sphincter: smooth muscle tissue

Controlled by; autonomic nervous system

• External Urethra Sphincter: skeletal muscle tissue,

Controlled by; somatic nervous system

Using a flow chart, diagram urine flow after formation.

Collecting Ducts → Minor Calyx → Major Calyx → Renal Pelvis → Ureters → Urinary Bladder → Urethra

What are the layers of the uterus? The histology of each layer?

• Perimetrium: serous membrane

• Myometrium: smooth muscle tissue

• Endometrium: simple columnar epithelium & uterine glands

What are the layers of the vagina? The histology of each layer?

• Mucosal lining: stratified squamous epithelium

• Muscular layer: smooth muscle tissue

• Fibrous layer: dense irregular connective tissue & adipose connective tissue

Using a flow chat, diagram sperm flow through the male and female reproductive tracts

Seminiferous tubules → Epididymis → Vas deferens → Seminal vesicle → Prostate → Prostate urethra → Membranous urethra → Spongy urethra → Vagina → Cervix → Uterus → Oviduct